The invention relates to the in situ regeneration of heterogeneous oligomerization catalysts which are used in the liquid phase oligomerization of ethene.

The invention relates to the in situ regeneration of heterogeneous oligomerization catalysts which are used in the liquid phase oligomerization of ethene.

The instant disclosure relates to liquid salts such as but not limiting to ionic liquids; and method for recovering liquid salts including ionic liquids. Ionic liquids get deactivated due to presence of various contaminants or impurities. The present disclosure deals with recovery and regeneration of ionic liquids using compounds containing at least one coordinating agent to form adduct with metal compounds. The instant disclosure also includes an assembly for carrying out the recovery and regeneration of the ionic liquids.

The instant disclosure relates to liquid salts such as but not limiting to ionic liquids; and method for recovering liquid salts including ionic liquids. Ionic liquids get deactivated due to presence of various contaminants or impurities. The present disclosure deals with recovery and regeneration of ionic liquids using compounds containing at least one coordinating agent to form adduct with metal compounds. The instant disclosure also includes an assembly for carrying out the recovery and regeneration of the ionic liquids.

Disclosed herein are methods for recovering phosphorus-containing ligand from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using liquid-liquid extraction. Also disclosed are treatments to enhance extractability of the phosphorus-containing ligand.

Disclosed herein are methods for recovering phosphorus-containing ligand from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using liquid-liquid extraction. Also disclosed are treatments to enhance extractability of the phosphorus-containing ligand.

Disclosed herein are methods for recovering diphosphonite-containing compounds from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using multistage countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction. Recovery is enhanced with one or more method steps. In a first step, a portion of the heavy phase from the settling section of the first stage is recycled to the settling section of the first stage. In a second step, a portion of the light phase from the settling section of the first stage is recycled to the mixing section of the first stage. In a third step, the first stage takes place in a mixer-settler, a Lewis base is introduced into the settling section of the first stage, and a complex of Lewis acid and Lewis base is formed in this settling section. In a fourth step, a polyamine is added to the first stage.

Disclosed herein are methods for recovering diphosphonite-containing compounds from mixtures comprising organic mononitriles and organic dinitriles, using multistage countercurrent liquid-liquid extraction. Recovery is enhanced with one or more method steps. In a first step, a portion of the heavy phase from the settling section of the first stage is recycled to the settling section of the first stage. In a second step, a portion of the light phase from the settling section of the first stage is recycled to the mixing section of the first stage. In a third step, the first stage takes place in a mixer-settler, a Lewis base is introduced into the settling section of the first stage, and a complex of Lewis acid and Lewis base is formed in this settling section. In a fourth step, a polyamine is added to the first stage.

Methods of activating and/or reactivating a catalyst composition comprising a porous metal oxide (MO.sub.x) catalyst are disclosed. Methods of catalyzing a reaction using a catalyst composition comprising a porous metal oxide catalyst activated and/or reactivated by such a method are also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to processes for regenerating catalysts. In certain aspects, a process for regenerating a deactivated catalyst disposed in a first organic material includes removing a substantial portion of the first organic material from the catalyst to provide a dewaxed catalyst having less than about 40 wt % (e.g., less than about 20%) organic material disposed thereon. The dewaxed catalyst is then contacted with a flow of a substantially inert gas at a temperature of at least about 200 C. to provide an inert gas-treated catalyst having less than about 10 wt % organic material disposed thereon. The inert gas-treated catalyst is then contacted with an oxygen-containing gas at a temperature of at least about 200 C. to form an oxidized catalyst (e.g., having less than 2 wt % carbonaceous material disposed thereon). The oxidized catalyst is then contacted with a hydrogen-containing gas at a temperature of at least about 200 C. to form a regenerated catalyst. Finally, the regenerated catalyst can be disposed in a second organic material. The regenerated catalysts can be useful, for example, in Fischer-Tropsch processes.