An ion exchange membrane is provided which includes an ion exchange polymer that is partially cross-linked. The partially cross-linked ion exchange polymer will be more stable and will not be washed out over time. The ion exchange polymer may be UV or chemically cross-linked, wherein a cross-linking compound is added to the ion exchange polymer either before or after coupling to a support material. A support material may be made of, or be coated with, a cross-linking compound and the support material may initiate cross-linking proximal to the support material. The support material may be made of a material that chemically bonds with the ionomer.

An ion exchange membrane is provided which includes an ion exchange polymer that is partially cross-linked. The partially cross-linked ion exchange polymer will be more stable and will not be washed out over time. The ion exchange polymer may be UV or chemically cross-linked, wherein a cross-linking compound is added to the ion exchange polymer either before or after coupling to a support material. A support material may be made of, or be coated with, a cross-linking compound and the support material may initiate cross-linking proximal to the support material. The support material may be made of a material that chemically bonds with the ionomer.

Hypochlorite salts and substantially dehydrated acid-form cation exchange resin beads are combined at specified ratios within a porous enclosure such as a pouch or sachet. Hypochlorous acid solutions are produced on demand by introducing the mixture-containing pouch into a chemical excess of water. Spontaneous exchange reactions occur at room temperature within a few minutes to produce aqueous hypochlorous acid, while the cations from the hypochlorite salt are simultaneously sequestered by the resin beads. The resin beads remain contained within the original porous enclosure to allow mechanical isolation or separation from the resulting solution.

Hypochlorite salts and substantially dehydrated acid-form cation exchange resin beads are combined at specified ratios within a porous enclosure such as a pouch or sachet. Hypochlorous acid solutions are produced on demand by introducing the mixture-containing pouch into a chemical excess of water. Spontaneous exchange reactions occur at room temperature within a few minutes to produce aqueous hypochlorous acid, while the cations from the hypochlorite salt are simultaneously sequestered by the resin beads. The resin beads remain contained within the original porous enclosure to allow mechanical isolation or separation from the resulting solution.

A method and system for preparing high-purity taurine and salt by reacting ethylene oxide with bisulfite to generate isethionate, performing an ammonolysis reaction on the isethionate and ammonia as well as a metal salt, evaporating the reaction solution to obtain a taurine salt concentrated solution, subjecting the concentrated solution to ion exchange in an ion exchange system to obtain an adsorption solution with a main ingredient of taurine, separately collecting the adsorption solution, extracting the taurine from the adsorption solution, eluting adsorbed metal cations from the ion exchange system by an acid, separately collecting the eluate, and extracting salt from the eluate or directly using the eluate as a salt solution product. According to the disclosure, advance separation of materials of two target products is completed after the ammonolysis reaction, and then the target products are separately extracted, so that an extraction process becomes very simple, interference brought to product separation when two target products are positioned in the same maternal system completely does not need to be considered, the process is simple, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

A method and system for preparing high-purity taurine and salt by reacting ethylene oxide with bisulfite to generate isethionate, performing an ammonolysis reaction on the isethionate and ammonia as well as a metal salt, evaporating the reaction solution to obtain a taurine salt concentrated solution, subjecting the concentrated solution to ion exchange in an ion exchange system to obtain an adsorption solution with a main ingredient of taurine, separately collecting the adsorption solution, extracting the taurine from the adsorption solution, eluting adsorbed metal cations from the ion exchange system by an acid, separately collecting the eluate, and extracting salt from the eluate or directly using the eluate as a salt solution product. According to the disclosure, advance separation of materials of two target products is completed after the ammonolysis reaction, and then the target products are separately extracted, so that an extraction process becomes very simple, interference brought to product separation when two target products are positioned in the same maternal system completely does not need to be considered, the process is simple, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

A water softening device includes a filter configured to decrease hardness of a first stream of raw water to produce a second stream of water with decreased hardness, a first sensor that measures an electrical property of the first stream, a second sensor that measures an electrical property of the second stream, and optionally, a third sensor that detects a water flow through the filter, wherein the filter includes an ion exchange resin operated in H.sup.+-mode, and the filter is buffered with at least one salt selected from the group of a potassium salt (K.sup.+), a sodium salt (Na.sup.+) and a lithium salt (Li.sup.+).

A water softening device includes a filter configured to decrease hardness of a first stream of raw water to produce a second stream of water with decreased hardness, a first sensor that measures an electrical property of the first stream, a second sensor that measures an electrical property of the second stream, and optionally, a third sensor that detects a water flow through the filter, wherein the filter includes an ion exchange resin operated in H.sup.+-mode, and the filter is buffered with at least one salt selected from the group of a potassium salt (K.sup.+), a sodium salt (Na.sup.+) and a lithium salt (Li.sup.+).

A method of removing boron from water to be treated includes subjecting the water to be treated to reverse osmosis membrane treatment, subjecting at least part of permeated water after the reverse osmosis membrane treatment to cation-removing treatment, and measuring a concentration of boron in the resulting permeated water after the cation-removing treatment, in which a measured value for the concentration of boron is used to regulate at least one of: (a) the recovery rate of water to be treated in the above reverse osmosis membrane treatment, (b) the temperature of the water to be treated, (c) the pH of the water to be treated, (d) the supply pressure of the water to be treated, which pressure is applied to the reverse osmosis membrane during the reverse osmosis membrane treatment, and (e) when the reverse osmosis membrane used for the reverse osmosis membrane treatment should be changed.

Methods of stabilizing virgin ion exchange resin material are provided. The methods include rinsing virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water, introducing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a liquid impermeable compartment of a gas impermeable vessel and hermetically sealing the vessel. The methods include rinsing virgin ion exchange resin material with deoxygenated water, introducing the rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material into a gas impermeable vessel, introducing an oxygen scavenging material into the gas impermeable vessel, and hermetically sealing the vessel. A method of facilitating water treatment in a site in need thereof by providing rinsed virgin ion exchange resin material in deoxygenated water positioned in a liquid impermeable compartment of a gas impermeable vessel is also provided. A vessel containing deoxygenated water and virgin ion exchange resin material and an oxygen scavenging material is also provided.