Disclosed are a composition for an electrode binder of a capacitive deionization apparatus including at least one a hydrophilic polymer and a bifunctional cross-linking agent having a hydroxy group or a carboxyl group at both terminal ends, and at least one anion exchange group therein, and the bifunctional cross-linking agent being cross-linkable with the at least one hydrophilic polymer, an electrode for a capacitive deionization apparatus including the composition, a capacitive deionization apparatus including the electrode, and a method of removing ions from a liquid by using the capacitive deionization apparatus.

A method of preparing a trihalide resin, where a trihalide ion solution is contacted with a styrene divinylbenzene polymer resin having polymer bonded -ER.sub.3.sup.+ X.sup.− groups where E is N, P, or As, R is a C.sub.2-C.sub.6 hydrocarbon group and X is Cl, Br, or I. The trihalide ion can be Cl.sub.3.sup.−, Br.sub.3.sup.−, or I.sub.3.sup.−. The trichloride resin can be used as a solid equivalent of chlorine gas. Formation of the styrene divinylbenzene resin comprising -ER.sub.3.sup.+Cl.sup.− units can be used to scavenge chlorine from a gas or liquid to form the styrene divinylbenzene resin comprising -ER.sub.3.sup.+Cl.sub.3.sup.− units. The trihalide resins can be used in disinfecting and as a source of a reagent for chemical synthesis.

A method of preparing a trihalide resin, where a trihalide ion solution is contacted with a styrene divinylbenzene polymer resin having polymer bonded -ER.sub.3.sup.+ X.sup.− groups where E is N, P, or As, R is a C.sub.2-C.sub.6 hydrocarbon group and X is Cl, Br, or I. The trihalide ion can be Cl.sub.3.sup.−, Br.sub.3.sup.−, or I.sub.3.sup.−. The trichloride resin can be used as a solid equivalent of chlorine gas. Formation of the styrene divinylbenzene resin comprising -ER.sub.3.sup.+Cl.sup.− units can be used to scavenge chlorine from a gas or liquid to form the styrene divinylbenzene resin comprising -ER.sub.3.sup.+Cl.sub.3.sup.− units. The trihalide resins can be used in disinfecting and as a source of a reagent for chemical synthesis.

A resin is provided for selectively binding to perchloride and related anions (e.g., TcO.sub.4.sup.−, ReO.sub.4.sup.− and I.sup.−) in aqueous solution. The resin may take the form of microparticles or beads. The beads are prepared by cross-linking macromolecules such as hyperbranched PEI, and quaternizing the amines with hydrocarbon substituents.

A resin is provided for selectively binding to perchloride and related anions (e.g., TcO.sub.4.sup.−, ReO.sub.4.sup.− and I.sup.−) in aqueous solution. The resin may take the form of microparticles or beads. The beads are prepared by cross-linking macromolecules such as hyperbranched PEI, and quaternizing the amines with hydrocarbon substituents.

This invention is in the field of micro-organism and algal cell processing. The invention relates to a method of maximizing migration of micro-organism and/or algal cells to a solvent fraction while simultaneously displacing water in a separate fraction and subsequent extraction of hydrophobic products from the organisms. The invention further relates to a method of sequestration of protein from an aqueous phase to an organic solvent.

This invention is in the field of micro-organism and algal cell processing. The invention relates to a method of maximizing migration of micro-organism and/or algal cells to a solvent fraction while simultaneously displacing water in a separate fraction and subsequent extraction of hydrophobic products from the organisms. The invention further relates to a method of sequestration of protein from an aqueous phase to an organic solvent.

A method for preparing needle coke for ultra-high power (UHP) electrodes from heavy oil is provided. In this method, heavy oil is used as a raw material. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is conducted with polystyrene (PS) as a packing material to separate out specific components with a relative molecular weight of 400 to 1,000. The ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is conducted to remove acidic and alkaline components to obtain a neutral raw material. The neutral raw material is subjected to two-stage consecutive carbonization to obtain green coke, and the green coke is subjected to high-temperature calcination to obtain the needle coke for UHP electrodes. The needle coke has a true density of more than 2.13 g/cm.sup.3 and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of ≤1.15×10.sup.−6/° C. at 25° C. to 600° C.

A method for preparing needle coke for ultra-high power (UHP) electrodes from heavy oil is provided. In this method, heavy oil is used as a raw material. The size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is conducted with polystyrene (PS) as a packing material to separate out specific components with a relative molecular weight of 400 to 1,000. The ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is conducted to remove acidic and alkaline components to obtain a neutral raw material. The neutral raw material is subjected to two-stage consecutive carbonization to obtain green coke, and the green coke is subjected to high-temperature calcination to obtain the needle coke for UHP electrodes. The needle coke has a true density of more than 2.13 g/cm.sup.3 and a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of ≤1.15×10.sup.−6/° C. at 25° C. to 600° C.

A method for purifying an organic solvent has a first treatment of bringing an organic solvent to be treated into contact with an H-type cation exchanger, and a second treatment of bringing a treated liquid from the first treatment into contact with an anion exchanger and an H-type strongly acidic cation exchanger. According to the present application, the provided method and an apparatus for purifying an organic solvent remove metal impurities of both metal species of monovalent and polyvalent metals in the organic solvent.