A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

Ion exchange membranes (e.g., anion exchange membranes) and methods of using the membranes are described. The ion exchange membranes are multi-modal ion exchange membranes containing a plurality of multi-modal exchange ligands. The membranes can achieve high dynamic and equilibrium binding capacities at solution conductivities typical for production of biologics (e.g., greater than about 10 mS/cm) and can provide excellent binding at high flow rates. Systems incorporating the membranes can dramatically increase isolation and purification speeds. Membranes are disclosed for use in production of biologics.

An endotoxin adsorbent comprising a crystalline cellulose having a nitrogen atom-containing cationic group can sufficiently remove endotoxin from a material containing endotoxin to be removed and containing a substance having a cationic group and can efficiently remove endotoxin also from a highly viscous material. The nitrogen atom-containing cationic group may be typically a functional group derived from a polyvalent amine and/or a quaternary ammonium salt. The crystalline cellulose having a nitrogen atom-containing cationic group may comprise the nitrogen atom-containing cationic group at a content of 0.05 to 3 meq/dry.Math.g in terms of anion exchange capacity.

An endotoxin adsorbent comprising a crystalline cellulose having a nitrogen atom-containing cationic group can sufficiently remove endotoxin from a material containing endotoxin to be removed and containing a substance having a cationic group and can efficiently remove endotoxin also from a highly viscous material. The nitrogen atom-containing cationic group may be typically a functional group derived from a polyvalent amine and/or a quaternary ammonium salt. The crystalline cellulose having a nitrogen atom-containing cationic group may comprise the nitrogen atom-containing cationic group at a content of 0.05 to 3 meq/dry.Math.g in terms of anion exchange capacity.

Provided is a manufacturing method for monolithic structure that is a porous body formed of polysaccharide being a naturally-occurring polymer, has continuous pores with an average pore diameter suitable for biomolecule separation, and allows formation into arbitrary shape. The polysaccharide monolithic structure is manufactured by a method including a first step of obtaining a polysaccharide solution by dissolving polysaccharide into a mixed solvent of a first component and a second component at temperature lower than a boiling point of the mixed solvent, and a second step of obtaining polysaccharide monolithic structure by cooling the polysaccharide solution, wherein the first component is a solvent selected from lactate, and the second component is a solvent selected from water, lower alcohol, and a combination thereof. The monolithic structure obtained is a porous body having continuous pores with an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 20.0 micrometers, and a thickness of 100 micrometers or more.

Provided is a manufacturing method for monolithic structure that is a porous body formed of polysaccharide being a naturally-occurring polymer, has continuous pores with an average pore diameter suitable for biomolecule separation, and allows formation into arbitrary shape. The polysaccharide monolithic structure is manufactured by a method including a first step of obtaining a polysaccharide solution by dissolving polysaccharide into a mixed solvent of a first component and a second component at temperature lower than a boiling point of the mixed solvent, and a second step of obtaining polysaccharide monolithic structure by cooling the polysaccharide solution, wherein the first component is a solvent selected from lactate, and the second component is a solvent selected from water, lower alcohol, and a combination thereof. The monolithic structure obtained is a porous body having continuous pores with an average pore diameter of 0.01 to 20.0 micrometers, and a thickness of 100 micrometers or more.

A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

A catalyst and a process for using the catalyst are presented. The catalyst is a heterogeneous catalyst and includes active metal halides bonded to functional groups. The functional groups are bonded to a polymeric backbone to form the structure supporting the catalyst. The catalyst is useful for the dimerization of acetylene to convert the acetylene to a larger hydrocarbon, and in particular to dimerize acetylene to vinylacetylene.

Provided is a methodology to improve soil performance by dispersing stabilized low C:N non-highly polymerized porous lignocellulose catalytic that improves porosity, carbon capture, and microbial activities.