A method and apparatus for preparing a composite, in which the angle between the apparatus base and the apparatus body is adjusted by the elevator device, the solid raw material is loaded into the reactor by the solid feeding device, the main reaction gas, the auxiliary gas and the carrier gas are introduced from the front gas intake unit into the main reaction zone at a preset ratio, followed by the active material deposited on solid particles, the post-processing reaction gas is introduced from the middle gas intake unit to the post-processing reaction zone to form a functional layer on the active material, the prepared composite powder is separated and collected from the gas-solid mixture in the collection device. The exhaust gas is released from the exhaust manifold into an exhaust gas treatment system after minority powder filtered by the filter.

An object of the present invention is to provide a new frameless catalytic thermal oxidation device capable of treating concentrations of harmful materials including NOx at a low temperature. Further, another object of the present invention is to provide a frameless catalytic thermal oxidation device capable of minimizing the occurrence of THC and minimizing a risk of accidents and environmental pollution which may occur in maintenance operations. According to the objects, the present invention provides a cartridge-type thermal oxidation device capable of being separated for maintenance, wherein a cartridge internal structure is configured so that the time while the material to be treated stays in a zone with the catalyst is increased, and a member capable of dropping and collecting powder generated by thermal oxidation reaction is configured.

A bi-modal radial flow reactor comprising a cylindrical outer housing surrounding at least five cylindrical, concentric zones, including at least three annulus vapor zones and at least two catalyst zones. The at least two catalyst zones comprise an outer catalyst zone and an inner catalyst zone. The at least three annulus vapor zones comprise an outer annulus vapor zone, a middle annulus vapor zone, and a central annulus vapor zone, wherein the central annulus vapor zone extends along a centerline of the bi-modal radial flow reactor. The outer catalyst zone is intercalated with the outer annulus vapor zone and the middle annulus vapor zone, and the inner catalyst zone is intercalated with the middle annulus vapor zone and the central annulus vapor zone. A removable head cover can be fixably coupled to a top of the cylindrical outer housing to seal a top of the bi-modal radial flow reactor.

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: a container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a bottom surface closing the container, and a top surface; a carrier outer wall extending from the bottom surface to the top surface; a seal extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond the carrier outer wall; said carrier outer wall having apertures located below the seal.

Systems and methods for making ceramic powders configured with consistent, tailored characteristics and/or properties are provided herein. In some embodiments a system for making ceramic powders, includes: a reactor body having a reaction chamber and configured with a heat source to provide a hot zone along the reaction chamber; a sweep gas inlet configured to direct a sweep gas into the reaction chamber and a sweep gas outlet configured to direct an exhaust gas from the reaction chamber; a plurality of containers, within the reactor body, configured to retain at least one preform, wherein each container is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow therethrough, wherein the preform is configured to permit the sweep gas to flow there through, such that the precursor mixture is reacted in the hot zone to form a ceramic powder product having uniform properties.

A reactor having a shell comprising one or more reactor tubes located within the shell, said reactor tube or tubes comprising a plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst; means for providing a heat transfer fluid to the reactor shell such that the heat transfer fluid contacts the tube or tubes; an inlet for providing reactants to the reactor tubes; and an outlet for recovering products from the reactor tubes; wherein the plurality of catalyst receptacles containing catalyst within a tube comprises catalyst receptacles containing catalyst of at least two configurations.

A catalyst carrier for insertion into a reactor tube of a tubular reactor comprises a container for holding catalyst and a seal for sealing between the container and the reactor tube. The seal comprises at least a first seal layer and a second seal layer each comprising a plurality of deflectable tongues separated by notches. The second seal layer is rotationally offset relative to the first seal layer such that the notches of the second seal layer are aligned with the deflectable tongues of the first seal layer.

A catalyst carrier for insertion into a reactor tube of a tubular reactor that comprises a container containing particles of catalyst. The container further contains a compacting element for reducing fluidisation of the particles of catalyst.

A reactor tube for a tubular reactor and a retaining device associated with the reactor tube; the reactor tube comprising an elongate tube defining a bore for receiving in use a catalyst and having an outlet at one end of the bore for discharging the catalyst out of the bore; the retaining device being configured to be rotatable between a first position and a second position; wherein in the first position the retaining device at least partially obstructs the outlet for retaining the catalyst within the bore; and in the second position the outlet is unobstructed sufficiently for permitting discharge of the catalyst out of the outlet.

A catalyst carrier for insertion in a reactor tube of a tubular reactor, said catalyst carrier comprising: a container for holding catalyst in use, said container having a bottom surface closing the container, and a top surface; a carrier outer wall extending from the bottom surface to the top surface; a seal extending from the container by a distance which extends beyond the carrier outer wall; said carrier outer wall having apertures located below the seal.