A method of testing a catalyst in a reactor comprises supplying a feedstock into an upstream end of the reactor and arranging an annular basket within the reactor at a downstream position in the reactor, the annular basket having a central aperture for receiving the flow of feedstock and plurality of stacked layers separated by fluid permeable material, the plurality of stacked layers including a layer of grading material positioned upstream of a layer containing a primary catalyst to be tested for a chemical process. The grading material is adapted to filter out contaminants within the feedstock and to thereby protect the primary catalyst within the basket. Embodiments and methods can utilize layers comprising a first layer containing the primary catalyst, a second layer containing a hydrometallization catalyst and a third layer containing grading material having solid trap particles with reduced catalytic activity.

A method for testing catalysts in a fluidized bed reactor comprises enclosing catalyst material in capsules having pores or holes smaller than the catalyst material, inserting the capsules filled with catalyst material to into a port of the fluidized bed reactor and recovering at least a portion of the catalyst capsules from the fluidized bed reactor after use through an additional port of the fluidized bed reactor, wherein the capsules move with a flow of uplifted fluid and gas in the fluidized bed reactor.

A method of testing a catalyst in a reactor comprises supplying a feedstock into an upstream end of the reactor and arranging an annular basket within the reactor at a downstream position in the reactor, the annular basket having a central aperture for receiving the flow of feedstock and plurality of stacked layers separated by fluid permeable material, the plurality of stacked layers including a layer of grading material positioned upstream of a layer containing a primary catalyst to be tested for a chemical process. The grading material is adapted to filter out contaminants within the feedstock and to thereby protect the primary catalyst within the basket. Embodiments and methods can utilize layers comprising a first layer containing the primary catalyst, a second layer containing a hydrometallization catalyst and a third layer containing grading material having solid trap particles with reduced catalytic activity.

A process for producing olefins may include dehydrogenating a first alkane in a first reactor to produce a first effluent comprising at least one of a first n-olefin or a first diolefin; removing the first effluent from the first reactor; and regenerating the first reactor. The first reactor may include a first dehydrogenation catalyst and a first phase change material.

An oxygen generator includes a bag body and supporting components. The bag body is configured to contain a reactive liquid, a reactant and a catalyst, and the bag body includes a bag piece, a circumferential sealing part and separation parts. The circumferential sealing part is bound with a part of the periphery of the bag piece, so as to define a range of an inner space, and a range of the rest part of the periphery of the bag piece defines an opening. Both ends of each separation part are connected to the circumferential sealing part so as to separate the inner space into a plurality of separate spaces, and the plurality of separate spaces respectively contain the reactant and the catalyst. The supporting components are contained in one of the plurality of separate spaces, and the positions, corresponding to the supporting components, of the bag body are incompressible.

A method for analyzing a catalyst in a catalytic reactor that operates under non-isothermal conditions includes the steps of: positioning a catalyst basket within a catalyst bed within the catalytic reactor, the catalyst basket containing catalyst material the forms the catalyst bed; operating the catalytic reactor, the catalyst basket having dimensions such that a temperature difference (T) along an axial direction (height) of the catalyst basket is non-isothermal; and analyzing the catalyst material contained within the catalyst basket. The temperature difference (T) is, in one embodiment, within a range of 1 C. to 40 C. and preferably, within a range of 5 C. to 25 C.

A bi-modal radial flow reactor comprising a cylindrical outer housing surrounding at least five cylindrical, concentric zones, including at least three annulus vapor zones and at least two catalyst zones. The at least two catalyst zones comprise an outer catalyst zone and an inner catalyst zone. The at least three annulus vapor zones comprise an outer annulus vapor zone, a middle annulus vapor zone, and a central annulus vapor zone, wherein the central annulus vapor zone extends along a centerline of the bi-modal radial flow reactor. The outer catalyst zone is intercalated with the outer annulus vapor zone and the middle annulus vapor zone, and the inner catalyst zone is intercalated with the middle annulus vapor zone and the central annulus vapor zone. A removable head cover can be fixably coupled to a top of the cylindrical outer housing to seal a top of the bi-modal radial flow reactor.

The present invention provides a safe, disposable and biodegradable chlorine dioxide micro generator that uses water soluble paper and hydrogel or compressed cellulose encased in filter paper pouch. The chemicals are kept in a stabilize form until activated by the addition of water. Multiple levels of protection against early exposure to water such as a foil pouch and an impermeable outer container allow for the safe transportation and storage in small, ready for deployment amounts of the chemicals. Water permeated the chemical pack housing and dissolves the paper walls of the chemical pouch housing and then the water facilitates the reaction between the acid and the sodium chlorite to form chlorine dioxide gas as will be described further hereunder. Absorbent and permeable materials packaged around the chemicals provide for the safe containment of the chlorine dioxide solution, and the expeditious aeration and release of the chlorine dioxide gas, once the chemical reaction has been completed.

The present invention concerns a device for filtration and distribution of a gaseous phase and a liquid phase, which can be disposed upstream of a fixed catalytic bed of a reactor operating with a descending co-current of gas and liquid, comprising: a solid plate on which substantially vertical risers are fixed, said risers are open at their upper and lower ends and have openings over at least a fraction of their height; a plurality of removable baskets capable of retaining at least one filtration medium, each removable basket being defined by an ellipsoidal vertical wall or by at least three vertical lateral walls and a bottom, the vertical walls and/or the bottom being permeable to a gas and to liquid. Each basket is provided support means cooperating with a riser of the plate in order to support the basket.

An ammonia oxidation catalyst basket design has two support grids. A first grid supports the primary catalyst and a separate, second grid supports the secondary catalyst. This dual grid design separates the two catalysts, and enables the catalysts to be independent of each other. Any interruption in the primary or the secondary catalyst does not impede or adversely impact on the structure or function of the other catalyst.