The present disclosure relates to a device for directing a coking-prone liquid to a high temperature environment, where the device includes an inner tube positioned concentrically within an outer tube, creating a first annular space between an outer wall of the inner tube and an inner wall of the outer tube and a first intermediate tube positioned concentrically around the outer tube, creating a second annular space.

A system for methanol synthesis from a synthesis gas rich in hydrogen and CO2/CO having a first adiabatic reactor (11) with a structure having an inlet stream (10), a first catalytic bed (12), one Venturi type mixing element (13), a first divergent nozzle (14), a second catalytic bed (27) and one outlet stream (28) all of them connected sequentially to each other; a first heat exchanger (15) connected to the outlet stream (28) downstream the reactor (11); a condenser (16) connected to the heat exchanger (15) downstream of the heat exchanger (15); a separator (18) connected to the condenser (16); a first cold gas stream (19) joining the separator (18) to both the first heat exchanger (15) and the first Venturi type mixing element (13); a first outlet stream (21) joining the heat exchanger (15) to a second adiabatic reactor (24) similar to the first adiabatic reactor (11).

The present invention provides a multistage single reactor system for hydroprocessing and a process of carrying out multistage hydroprocessing in the said reactor assembly consisting of, a fixed bed solid catalyst system, a feed injection system enabling axial flow of hydrogen saturated hydrocarbon feed, a hydrogen dispensing system inside the reactor enabling minimum required hydrogen flow in cross-flow pattern, also using multitudes of integrated separation and withdrawal limbs for continuous staging. The innovative reactor disclosed in the present invention enables continuous separation and withdrawal of gaseous products along the reactor length by means of combined horizontal reactor orientation and vertical separation limbs provided at the top of the horizontally oriented reactor. The advantage of the reactor assembly includes effective heat sink of exothermic reactions and lower severity of operation due to removal of inhibitory gaseous products.

A fluidization measurement system for a gas phase reactor containing a fluidized bed includes a measurement probe coupled to a sidewall of the gas phase reactor. The measurement probe includes a support bar penetrating the sidewall and extending into the fluidized bed to a distance of at least 12% of a diameter of the gas phase reactor, and a plurality of sensors arranged along a length of the support bar to obtain measurements of at least one of temperature, pressure, and electrostatic charge at multiple points within the fluidized bed. A base plant control system is in communication with measurement probe to receive and process the measurements to determine real-time physical conditions and flow patterns of the fluidized bed.

A process for preparing a polyurethane polymer comprises the step of: I) mixing a first component (100) comprising a polyisocyanate with a second reactant component (200) comprising a compound having Zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms in a mixing vessel (300) to obtain a reaction mixture (400), wherein the first reactant component (100) and/or the second reactant component (200) are contacted with a catalyst bed (500) before they are mixed in the mixing vessel (300) and/or the reaction mixture (400) is contacted with a catalyst bed (500), wherein the catalyst bed (500) contains a catalyst reversibly sorbed on a substrate, the catalyst catalyses the reaction of isocyanate groups with themselves or with Zerewitinoff-active compounds and the catalyst is released into the first component (100), second component (200) or reaction mixture (400) that is in contact with the catalyst bed (500), such that a reaction mixture (410) containing the catalyst is obtained.

Bubble column reactor assembly (100) is provided, the assembly comprising: a reactor vessel (104) comprising a bottom end and a top end; a pre- distributor plate (150) disposed above the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) to distribute gas in a liquid, the plate comprising a bottom surface facing the bottom end of the reactor vessel (104) and a top surface opposite to the bottom surface. The pre-distributor plate (150) comprises a plurality of perforations (206), each perforation (206) comprising: a duct (170) projecting from the bottom surface of the pre-distributor plate; and a cap (180) enclosing the duct (170) and the perforation (206). The cap (180) comprises a plurality of openings (210). A gas distributor (110) is disposed below the pre-distributor plate (150) to receive gas and inject gas into the liquid prior to distribution of gas and the liquid by the pre- distributor plate (150).

A fluidizing gas nozzle head suitable to be connected to a fluidizing gas feeding device of a fluidized bed reactor. The fluidizing gas nozzle head includes an inlet channel having a longitudinal axis, an inlet end, and a second end, the inlet end of the inlet channel being adapted to connect the inlet channel in vertical gas flow connection with the fluidizing gas feeding device, four outlet channels, each of the four outlet channels extending from a first end to an outlet end, and a gas distribution space having a bottom face and a ceiling opposite to the bottom face. The second end of the inlet channel and the first ends of the four outlet channels are connected to direct gas flow connection with the gas distribution space. Each of the first ends of the four outlet channels has a central point, which central points define a rectangle with two long sides and two short sides having an aspect ratio of at least 2:1.

Exemplary apparatus or method implementations for a universal feeder system configured with a transfer screw feeder within a multi-section clamshell pipe permitting access to the feed screw and pipe interior for inspection, maintenance and/or cleaning during production, without disassembly or screw removal. The clamshell screw feeder pipe provides access to the screw by opening or removing the multi-section top portion of the clamshell pipe. The top pipe section is bolted and or hinges to the bottom portion of the clamshell pipe. The number of segmented multiple clamshell top sections depends on the length of the screw. One or more clamshell top sections may be configured with an inspection port. The universal feeder system configured with a transfer screw feeder within a multi-section clamshell pipe transfers feedstock feed from one or more feed vessels to one or more reactor vessel.

A SHC apparatus and process comprise a catalyst precursor reactor for providing a catalyst precursor stream in downstream communication with a source of molybdenum, a SHC feed line for providing a heavy hydrocarbon feed stream in downstream communication with a heater, and a SHC reactor in downstream communication with the SHC feed line and with the catalyst precursor reactor. A process for SHC, the process comprising preparing a catalyst precursor stream comprising molybdenum in a catalyst precursor reactor, mixing the catalyst precursor stream with a heavy hydrocarbon stream to provide a catalyst precursor concentrate stream, heating a hydrocracking hydrocarbon feed stream in a heater to provide a heated hydrocracking feed stream, mixing the catalyst precursor concentrate stream with the heated hydrocarbon stream to provide a SHC feed stream, and reacting the SHC feed stream in a SHC reactor.

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor comprising a reaction chamber for particulate matter, the reaction chamber having at least one particulate matter inlet (3) for the particulate matter and at least one primary particulate matter outlet for the particulate matter, and a fluidizing grate having multiple openings for an operating fluid to fluidize particulate matter above the fluidizing grate.