A fluid distribution apparatus is disposed in a fluidized bed reactor and includes a distributor pipe configured to carry a fluid and a centerpipe fluidly connected to the distributor pipe and enclosing a conical distributor for receiving the fluid from the distributor pipe. The conical distributor is defined by an exterior radius including the centerpipe, an upper end including an upper angled circular plate, and a lower end including a lower circular plate. The fluid distribution apparatus further includes a plurality of inlet nozzles fluidly connected to the conical distributor and disposed through the centerpipe for distributing the fluid from the conical distributor to a bed of the fluidized bed reactor.

The invention relates to equalizing and distributing reactants more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing a combination equalizer and distributor at the inlet end that initially impedes with uneven flow rates of vapor and then directs the flow of vapor through a series of circumferential nozzles. The nozzles are physical spaced such that the first nozzle provides the reactants into the vessel to spread radially and broadly outwardly into the vessel and each successive circumferential nozzle to deliver reactants in a less broadly distribution or dispersion where the interior space is filled with reactants without broadly diverse velocities that may create hot spots within the catalyst bed.

The invention relates to distributing reactants more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing a distributor at the inlet end that initially directs the flow of reactants through a flange plate and a series of ring plates. The ring plates are physical spaced such that vapor along the wall of the inlet is mildly obstructed by the flange plate and the ring plates cause the vapor to alter course temper down any diverse velocities that may create hot spots within the catalyst bed.

The invention relates to equalizing and distributing vapor more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing an equalizing section and distributor section at the inlet end and a fixed valve tray at the bottom of the reactor to equalize and distribute the flow.

An improved vortex-type mixing device for a down-flow hydroprocessing reactor is described. The device provides improved overall mixing efficiency of an existing mixing volume in the mixing of gas and liquid phases in two-phase systems while reducing the pressure drop through the device, as compared with prior art devices. Typical hydroprocessing applications include hydrotreating, hydrofinishing, hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing.

An apparatus is provided for directing a fluid in a radial reactor comprising: a vertically elongated conduit comprising a front face comprising a surface comprising apertures, two side faces, and a rear face and two ends, wherein an end of the front face and an end of the rear face are a distance D1 apart and wherein a second opposite end of the front face and a second corresponding end of the rear face are a distance D2 apart wherein D1 is greater than D2 and wherein a riser are connected to a top surface of said vertically elongated conduit to allow a gas stream to flow through the riser to the vertically elongated conduit.

The invention relates to distributing feed vapor more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing a distributor pipe at the inlet end that initially directs the flow of reactants through a flange plate and a series of ring plates. The ring plates are physical spaced such that vapor along the wall of the inlet is mildly obstructed by the flange plate and the ring plates cause the vapor to alter course temper down any diverse velocities that may create hot spots within the catalyst bed. At the end of the distributor pipe is a deflector which directs the feed vapor upwardly and outwardly in the head space of the reactor vessel.

The invention relates to distributing reactants more evenly across the interior space of a reactor vessel utilizing a distributor at the inlet end that initially directs the flow of reactants through a flange plate and a series of ring plates. The ring plates are physical spaced such that vapor along the wall of the inlet is mildly obstructed by the flange plate and the ring plates cause the vapor to alter course temper down any diverse velocities that may create hot spots within the catalyst bed.

The invention relates to a method for regulating the gas velocity of the empty bed in a fluidized bed, wherein solid catalysts are used as fluidized particles or as a part of fluidized particles, characterized in that the gas velocity of the empty bed of the reaction zone of the fluidized bed is measured, compared with the bed average catalyst density of the solid catalysts in the reaction zone of the fluidized bed, the gas velocity of the empty bed being adjusted as required such that the gas velocity of the empty bed and the bed average catalyst density satisfy the formula (I) below: =0.356.sup.34.319.sup.235.57+M; wherein M=250; where is provided in m/s and is provided in kg/m.sup.3. The method can be used for the industrial production of lower olefin.

A method comprises receiving a carbon dioxide recycle stream having carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons. The carbon dioxide recycle stream is fed to a catalytic reactor. The hydrocarbons are converted to carbon dioxide in the catalytic reactor by a catalytic reaction without combustion to form a purified carbon dioxide recycle stream. Electrical energy is generated by using heat produced by the catalytic reactor in the conversion. Another method comprises receiving a recycle stream having carbon dioxide, C.sub.1-C.sub.2 hydrocarbons, and C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons. The C.sub.3+ hydrocarbons are separated from the carbon dioxide and the C.sub.1-C.sub.2 hydrocarbons. The carbon dioxide and the C.sub.1-C.sub.2 hydrocarbons are fed to a catalytic reactor at a pressure greater than about 300 pounds per square inch (psi), and the C.sub.1-C.sub.2 hydrocarbons are converted to carbon dioxide, water, and heat.