An intermediate medium heat exchanging device for a supercritical water oxidation system includes a material main loop, an intermediate medium loop and a replenishment branch. A material pump, a preheater, a spray desuperheater, a reactor and a regenerator are connected in sequence to form the material main loop; a buffer tank, a circulating pump, the regenerator, the preheater and a water cooler form the intermediate medium loop. A back pressure valve is located above the buffer tank. The replenishment branch includes a cooling water pump, an outlet of the cooling water pump is divided into two sub-branches, one sub-branch is connected with the spray desuperheater, and another sub-branch is connected with the buffer tank. The intermediate medium heat exchanging device is reasonable in structural design, and is able to maximumlly reduce the investment cost and ensure the stable operation of the system.

An apparatus to provide cooling water to multiple facilities including a hydrogen plant that includes electrolyzers for manufacture of hydrogen and/or an ammonia plant including ammonia manufacturing for making ammonia. The apparatus can include a first cooling tower configured to provide cooling water at a first temperature for providing cooling to elements of the ammonia manufacturing and/or hydrogen plant. The apparatus can also include a second cooling tower configured to providing cooling water at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature for providing cooling for gas coolers and electrolyte coolers of the hydrogen plant. The first and second cooling towers can be configured to utilize sea water or fresh water. The cooling towers can also be arranged and configured to permit substantial capital cost reductions while also providing improved maintenance and safety features as well as improved operational flexibility.

The present invention relates to processes and apparatus useful for (fast) ionic polymerisation of liquid monomer(s) containing reaction mixture for the production of the corresponding polymer(s).

A method for processing an oligomerization product stream includes discharging the oligomerization product stream from an oligomerization reactor through a product outlet line, and heating the oligomerization product stream, heating a wall of the product outlet line, or both. The oligomerization product stream includes solvent, linear alpha olefins, a polymer byproduct, or a combination of at least one of the foregoing. The heating is to a temperature that is greater than the melting temperature of the polymer byproduct present in the oligomerization product stream.

The present invention provides adiabatic plug flow reactors suitable for the production of chlorinated and/or fluorinated propene and higher alkenes from the reaction of chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkanes and chlorinated and/or fluorinated alkenes. The reactors comprise one or more designs that minimize the production of by-products at a desired conversion.

Thermoneutral systems and methods for producing carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO.sub.2) are disclosed. The systems can include a first reaction zone and a second reaction zone, where heat generated in the first reaction zone is sufficient to drive a carbon dioxide gas (CO.sub.2(g)) and elemental sulfur gas (S(g)) reaction to produce a product stream that includes CO(g) and SO.sub.2(g).

A system and method for a first reactor to produce a transfer slurry having a first polyolefin polymerized in the first reactor, a heat-removal zone to remove heat from the transfer slurry, and a second reactor to receive the transfer slurry cooled by the heat-removal zone, the second reactor to produce a product slurry having a product polyolefin which includes the first polyolefin and a second polyolefin polymerized in the second reactor.

A system includes a particle receiver, a heat exchanger, an electric generator, and a reactor. The particle receiver is configured to receive solar energy and transfer the solar energy to a heat transfer fluid. The heat exchanger is configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer fluid to a working fluid. The electric generator is configured to generate electrical power as the working fluid expands through the electric generator. The reactor includes a first compartment, a second compartment, and a heat transfer barrier. The heat transfer barrier is configured to transfer heat from the heat transfer fluid in the first compartment to the reaction feed stream in the second compartment, thereby maintaining an operating temperature of the reaction feed stream to at least a specified reaction temperature and converting at least one reactant in the reactant feed stream into at least one specified product.

A heating group for melamine production plants and a melamine production plant using the heating group. The heating group for melamine plants comprises a molten salt circuit for supplying the reaction heat to the plant and a superheated ammonia supply unit comprising at least an evaporation exchanger and a superheating exchanger, the superheating exchanger comprising at least one separate heat source with respect to the molten salt circuit, the separate heat source being superheated steam. The superheating exchanger is a jacketed tube of two concentric tubes wherein the inner tube is suitable for a flow of ammonia to be superheated and the sealed outer tube or jacket is suitable for a flow of superheated steam, the inner tube having an internal diameter which ranges from 20 mm to 85 mm, corresponding to a length of the jacketed tube ranging from 30 to 20 m.

A method and reactor system for depolymerizing a polymer is described. The method comprises the steps of providing the polymer and a solvent in a reactor to obtain a reaction mixture, the solvent being capable of reacting with the polymer to degrade the polymer into at least repeating units; providing a reusable catalyst in the reaction mixture being capable of catalyzing said degradation; degrading the polymer in the reaction mixture at degradation reaction conditions to obtain a depolymerized mixture comprising at least light oligomers having from 2 to 4 repeating units inclusively; removing unreacted polymer, solid particles and optionally very heavy oligomers from the depolymerized mixture after exiting the reactor; recovering at least a part of the reusable catalyst from the depolymerized mixture; and recovering the light oligomers from the depolymerized mixture. During recovery of the reusable catalyst, the depolymerized mixture comprises heavy oligomers having at least 5 repeating units.