A system and method for providing dry cooling of a source liquid, having a plurality of heat exchangers which depolymerize and polymerize a polymer. Specifically, the depolymerization process is endothermic and draws heat from a source liquid in a first heat exchanger, and the polymerization process is exothermic and expels heat from a second heat exchanger. Additional heat exchangers and holding tanks may be incorporated in the system and method. In some embodiments the system further provides additional cooling of the polymer prior to depolymerization using cooler night ambient air.

A process and a plant for cooling a synthesis gas produced by catalytic steam reformation of a hydrocarbonaceous feed gas, which is cooled by heat exchange with boiler feed water for its conversion into steam, by separating the resulting aqueous condensate, wherein the further cooling is effected in that the gas passes through several series-connected cooling stages and comprises the heat exchange with the feed gas, with degassed and non-degassed boiler feed water for generating the steam required for the steam reformation, and with ambient air, and wherein condensate obtained after the last cooling stage is separated from the gas and the gas is discharged for the further treatment, wherein at least after a further cooling stage upstream of the last cooling stage a hot aqueous condensate is separated from the gas.

A system and method for providing dry cooling of a source liquid, having a plurality of heat exchangers which depolymerize and polymerize a polymer. Specifically, the depolymerization process is endothermic and draws heat from a source liquid in a first heat exchanger, and the polymerization process is exothermic and expels heat from a second heat exchanger. Additional heat exchangers and holding tanks may be incorporated in the system and method. In some embodiments the system further provides additional cooling of the polymer prior to depolymerization using cooler night ambient air.

Disclosed is a process for producing C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons, and systems for implementing the process, that includes providing a reactant feed that includes methane and an oxygen containing gas to a first reaction zone, wherein the temperature of the reactant feed is less than 700 C. contacting the reactant feed with a first catalyst capable of catalyzing an oxidative coupling of methane reaction (OCM) to produce a first product stream that includes C2+ hydrocarbons and heat, and contacting the first product stream with a second catalyst capable of catalyzing an OCM reaction to produce a second product stream that includes C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons, wherein the produced heat is at least partially used to heat the first product stream prior to or during contact with the second catalyst, wherein the amount of C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons in the second product stream is greater than the amount of C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons in the first product stream.

A liquid fuel reformer includes a fuel vaporizer which utilizes heat from an upstream source of heat, specifically, an electric heater, operable in the start-up mode of the reformer, and therefore independent of the reforming reaction zone of the reformer, to vaporize fuel in a downstream vaporization zone.

Systems and methods for performing an in-tool carbonization process including exotherm control on a fibrous preform includes one or more temperature control channels disposed in a heat treatment tooling fixture. A fluid may be moved through the temperature control channel(s) for controlling a temperature of the fibrous preform as the fibrous preform is heated during carbonization. A fluid source, a valve arrangement, and one or more heaters can be controlled for regulating a temperature and/or flow rate of fluid through the temperature control channel(s). In this manner, the fibrous preform may be uniformly brought to an exotherm temperature range such that shrinking of the fibrous preform occurs simultaneously and uniformly throughout the fibrous preform. The temperature control channels can be grouped by geographic location for zoned temperature control. The carbonization process can be performed using a single composite fixture or using both metallic and composite fixtures.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.

The present invention provides an improved process for removing heat from an exothermic reaction. In particular, the present invention provides a process wherein heat can be removed from multiple reaction trains using a common coolant system.

A mesofluidic reactor performs a chemical reaction of a starting material. A liquid phase starting material is introduced into a spraying head equipped with an ultrasound generating piezoelectric crystal unit. An inert/reagent gas feeds into the spraying head, connected to a reactor tube arranged within a thermally insulated multi-zone heating unit. For solid phase, an inert/reagent gas is introduced into a solids container connected to a spraying head equipped with an ultrasound generating piezoelectric crystal unit. The spraying head connects to a reactor tube arranged within a thermally insulated multi-zone heating unit. In either case, a reactor tube outlet connects to a cooled product trap to collect conversed substances. The spraying head generates a particle size distribution with nano and micro sized particles for the liquid phase and nano, micro or larger particles for the solid phase. The inert/reagent gas is preheated over the piezoelectric crystal unit's surface.

Disclosed is a method for preparing a precursor of lithium composite transition metal oxide for lithium secondary batteries, using a reactor having a closed structure including an outer stationary cylinder; an inner rotary cylinder on the same axis; and a rotation reaction area disposed between them, wherein ring-shaped vortex pairs that are uniformly arranged in a rotation axis direction and rotate in opposite directions are formed in the rotation reaction area. According to the method of the invention, raw materials comprising an aqueous solution of two or more transition metal salts, an aqueous solution of a complex forming additive, and a basic aqueous solution for maintaining pH are fed through an inlet into the rotation reaction area where a coprecipitation reaction is performed under a non-nitrogen atmosphere to form lithium composite transition metal oxide particles which are then discharged through a reactor outlet.