Pressure processing systems disclosed herein comprise rotating fluid flow paths. Transfer of angular momentum between the working fluid and the fluid flow path may be configured to increase pressure within the system and/or recover energy used to increase pressure within the system. Rotation of pressure processing systems may be configured to alter working fluid pressure within the pressure processing system. Filtration and/or chemical processes may be performed within a pressure processing portion of such systems. Working fluid may be introduced or recovered from the system at various radial positions.

The invention includes a gas processing system for transforming a hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into outflow gas products, where the system includes a gas delivery subsystem, a plasma reaction chamber, and a microwave subsystem, with the gas delivery subsystem in fluid communication with the plasma reaction chamber, so that the gas delivery subsystem directs the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the plasma reaction chamber, and the microwave subsystem directs microwave energy into the plasma reaction chamber to energize the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas, thereby forming a plasma in the plasma reaction chamber, which plasma effects the transformation of a hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon-containing inflow gas into the outflow gas products, which comprise acetylene and hydrogen. The invention also includes methods for the use of the gas processing system.

Devices and methods for reducing the specific energy required to reform or pyrolyze reactants in plasmas operating at high flow rates and high pressures are presented. These systems and methods include 1) introducing electrons and/or easily ionized materials to a plasma reactor, 2) increasing turbulence and swirl velocity of the flows of feed gases to have improved mixing in a plasma reactor, and 3) reducing slippage from a plasma reactor system. Such plasma systems may allow plasma reactors to operate at lower temperatures, higher pressure, with improved plasma ignition, increased throughput and improved energy efficiency. In preferred embodiments, the plasma reactors are used to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide, hydrogen and carbon, or carbon monoxide through reforming and pyrolysis reactions. Preferred feedstocks include methane, carbon dioxide, and other hydrocarbons.

A method of oxidative pyrolysis involves heating hydrocarbon feedstock, heating a steam-oxygen mixture, combusting hydrocarbon feedstock in vapors of a steam-oxygen mixture in a special reactor, rapidly cooling the obtained products of incomplete combustion of chemical reactions in two steps, after which the cooled steam-gas mixture is directed to the fractionation unit. A hydrocarbons pyrolysis device has a steam-oxygen mixture and feedstock mixing chamber, a pyrolysis chamber and a coking reactor, a device for heating hydrocarbon feedstock, a device for heating steam-oxygen mixture coupled to a mixing chamber, a coking reactor having a device for supplying coolant to the pyrogas flow, a separation unit coupled to the coking reactor, a fractionation unit with an additional coolant supply device. Disposal of heavy oil residues by rapid coking with high economic efficiency and environmental safely while obtaining high-quality coke and producing aromatic compounds occurs without construction or additional installations.

A process to produce aromatic compounds in a heavy oil product stream comprising the steps of separating the depressurized effluent to produce a vapor product stream and a liquid product stream, reducing a temperature of the vapor product stream to produce a cooled vapor product, separating the cooled vapor product to produce a light oil stream, wherein the light oil stream comprises olefins, separating the light oil stream to produce a light oil slip stream and a light stream, mixing the light stream with a water feed stream to produce an olefin-containing water stream, increasing a pressure of the olefin-containing water stream to produce a pressurized water feed, increasing a temperature of the pressurized water feed to produce a hot water feed, wherein a temperature of the hot water feed is greater than 450° C., converting olefins to aromatic compounds in the hot water feed.

A system and method including providing a feed having alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic compounds to a tubular reactor, heating the tubular reactor, and cleaving an alkyl bridge of the alkyl-bridged multi-aromatic compounds.

This disclosure relates to systems and processes for cooling polymer product mixtures manufactured at high pressure. The processes of the invention involve cooling and then subsequently reducing the pressure of the product mixture from the reactor. In the systems of the invention, a product cooler is located downstream of the high pressure reactor and upstream of a high pressure let down valve.

Described herein is a continuous process for producing polyurethane prepolymers in a residence time reactor with plug flow. Also described herein is a method of using these prepolymers for producing polyurethanes.

A gas analysis system and method using a spectrometer, such as a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, utilizes a reactor, such as a catalytic reactor, for providing interference spectra. The gas is pressurized and chilled to remove water prior to the spectrometer.

A reformer tube for producing synthesis gas by steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feed gases, in which a structured stream reforming catalyst is used, is proposed. According to the invention, a heat exchanger tube is arranged in the interior of the structured catalyst, with the feed gas stream flowing firstly through the structured catalyst and subsequently in countercurrent through the heat exchanger tube. This improves the heat exchange between the synthesis gas product stream and the structured catalyst and the feed gas stream flowing through it, especially in the radial direction.