An apparatus for production of pulverulent poly(meth)acrylate, comprising a reactor or droplet polymerization, having an apparatus for dropletization of a monomer solution for the production of the poly(meth)acrylate, having holes through which the solution is dropletized, an addition point for a gas above the apparatus for dropletization, at least one gas withdrawal point on the periphery of the reactor and a fluidized bed. The outermost holes through which the solution is dropletized are positioned such that a droplet falling vertically downward falls into the fluidized bed and the hydraulic diameter at the level of the midpoint between the apparatus for dropletization and the gas withdrawal point is at least 10% greater than the hydraulic diameter of the fluidized bed.

An apparatus for addition of droplets of a monomer solution for production of poly(meth)acrylate to a reactor for droplet polymerization, comprising at least one channel or a dropletizer head having, at its base, holes through which the solution is dropletized into the reactor, at least one of the following features being fulfilled: (a) the ratio of the area covered by the channels or the dropletizer head in the reactor relative to the area which is defined by the circumference of a line along the outermost holes is less than 50%, (b) the number of holes relative to the area which is defined by the circumference of a line along the outermost holes is within a range from 100 to 1000 holes/m.sup.2.

Systems and methods for monitoring a particle/fluid mixture are provided. The method can include flowing a mixture comprising charged particles and a fluid past a particle accumulation probe. The method can also include measuring electrical signals detected by the probe as some charged particles pass the probe without contacting the probe while other charged particles contact the probe. The measured electrical signals can be manipulated to provide an output. The method can also include determining from the output if the charged particles contacting the probe have, on average, a different charge than the charged particles that pass the probe without contacting the probe.

Disclosed herein are methane conversion devices that achieve autothermal conditions and related methods using the methane conversion devices.

A reactor assembly is provided for heating plastic material. The reactor assembly includes: a reactor vessel including a central axis; and an agitator mounted within the reactor vessel. The agitator includes: one or more blade(s) distal from the central axis for mixing contents of the reactor vessel in use; and one or more wearing parts mounted to the blade(s) to extend from the blade(s).

There is described a method of producing hydrogen and nitrogen using a feedstock gas reactor. Reaction of feedstock and combustion gases in the reactor produces hydrogen and nitrogen through pyrolysis of the feedstock gas. Parameters of the process may be adjusted to control the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen that is produced such that it may be suitable, for example, for the synthesis of ammonia.

A method of transferring a slurry is provided. The method involves transferring a slurry containing particles and a liquid using a transfer pump equipped with a ball type check valve. The transfer pump is operated under the condition satisfying the following formula: 7.8×10.sup.3<P≤5.0×10.sup.5. In the formula, P=W(ρ.sub.1/(ρ.sub.b−ρ.sub.1)).sup.0.5/(C.Math.d(d+R)R.sup.0.5). W represents the particle flow rate (kg/hr) in the slurry passing through the ball type check valve, C represents the particle concentration (kg/m3) in the slurry, d represents the maximum particle diameter (m) of the particles in the slurry, R represents the ball diameter (m) of the check valve, ρ.sub.1 represents the density (kg/m3) of the liquid, and ρ.sub.b represents the density (kg/m.sup.3) of the ball of the check valve.

There are provided methods of treating a catalyst-containing reactor system with a liquid solvent to remove contaminants from the reactor system. An exemplary method includes the steps of: isolating the reactor system to be treated from upstream and downstream equipment; reducing the temperature and pressure of the isolated reactor system by flushing with a hydrogen rich gas; injecting a non-aqueous liquid solvent into the reactor system at an injection point while continuously flowing hydrogen-rich gas through the reactor system; maintaining the solvent in a liquid state while flowing the solvent continuously through the reactor system; and terminating the step of injecting solvent and terminating the continuous flowing of hydrogen-rich gas. The exemplary method is free of the injecting of a carrier gas into the reactor system comprising alkanes selected from the methane, ethane, propane, butane and pentane.

A method for manufacturing a polymer by performing an anionic polymerization reaction by a flow-type reaction, including: introducing a liquid A containing an anionic polymerizable monomer, a liquid B containing an anionic polymerization initiator, and a polymerization terminator into different flow paths respectively and causing the liquids to flow in the respective flow paths; causing the liquid A and the liquid B to join together by using a multilayered cylindrical mixer; subjecting the anionic polymerizable monomer to anionic polymerization while a solution formed by the joining is flowing to downstream in the reaction flow path; and causing a polymerization reaction solution flowing in a reaction flow path and the polymerization terminator to join together such that the polymerization reaction is terminated; and a flow-type reaction system suitable for performing the manufacturing method.

An apparatus for preparing an oligomer including: a reactor supplied with a monomer stream and a solvent stream to perform an oligomerization reaction; a product discharge line provided on a lower portion of a side surface of the reactor; a washing liquid supply line connected to a first point of the product discharge line; and a washing liquid discharge line extending from a second point of the product discharge line, wherein the product discharge line includes a branch point at which the product discharge line is branched into two or more lines and a junction point at which the respective branched lines are joined, and the product discharge line includes pressure control devices provided in each of the two or more branched lines.