This disclosure relates to systems and processes for cooling polymer product mixtures manufactured at high pressure. The processes of the invention involve cooling and then subsequently reducing the pressure of the product mixture from the reactor. In the systems of the invention, a product cooler is located downstream of the high pressure reactor and upstream of a high pressure let down valve.

An instrument system for acid digestion is disclosed. The instrument includes a heating block, a reaction vessel formed of a polymer that is resistant to acid and other chemical attack at temperatures above 150 C. and that has a structure (thickness, etc.) sufficient to withstand pressures above atmospheric, a metal sleeve surrounding the polymeric reaction vessel, and an opening in the block that has a cross-section corresponding to the cross-section of the metal sleeve.

Disclosed are methods and apparatuses for processing a powder alloy to improve its microstructure. The methods for processing the powder alloy can include introducing the powder alloy into a powder vessel having an inert atmosphere, uniformly heat treating the powder alloy inside the powder vessel at its solutionizing temperature, and cooling the heat treated powder alloy at a rate of at least 5 C./s to form treated particles. The treated particles obtained from the methods and apparatuses disclosed herein can be used in any suitable manufacturing process, such as in cold gas dynamic spray.

Provided herein is a unidirectional blow down system for a high-pressure tubular reactor with a hyper that minimizes the tube wall metal temperature during a decomposition event wherein the system prevents the reactor walls from reaching a temperature capable of causing the tube metal to austenize. Also provided are methods of designing and methods of operating a unidirectional blowdown system.

An equipment for the production of bicarbonates is provided. It has a reactor tank, a safety valve, a manometer, an electric engine, a solute feeding pipe, a water inflow spigot, gas inflow spigot, a propeller, a sampling pipe with spigot, an outflow pipe, a support structure and cooling cladding located around the cylindrical part of the equipment. Also disclosed is an embodiment of the above-mentioned equipment having a solute hoisting system comprising a micronized carbonate powder stock, a conveyor belt for feeding the powder to the semi-automatic electric scale, an electric engine for the conveyor belt, a metal support structure, a conveyor belt for feeding the weighed powder to the reactor, an electric engine for the conveyor belt.

The present invention relates to a reactor (201) for preparing hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process, to an equipment (200) comprising said reactor and to a process for preparing hydrogen cyanide by the Andrussow process. The reactor (201) comprising at least one gas inlet (I) for reactant gases mixture, a catalyst (203), a porous support for the catalyst (204), a porous sub support (205, 206) and at least one outlet (P8) for the reaction products. According to the invention, said reactor has a cone frustum shaped metallic casing (210) and comprises inside the metallic casing, a gas distributor (202) located between the gas inlet and the catalyst, said distributor comprising at least one cone frustum element (D1, . . . Dn) having an upper base directed towards the gas inlet (I).

A cap closes a sample vessel for the microwave treatment of samples. The cap contains a closure body for closing the sample vessel. The closure body is fitted to the sample vessel and closes the sample vessel at a sealing surface. A spring-loaded pressure relief valve and a vent duct are provided. The vent duct, the pressure relief valve and the closure body are configured in such a manner that the vent duct connects the closure body via the pressure relief valve to the surrounding area such that when a defined first pressure level is exceeded at the closure body excess pressure can escape through the vent duct into the area surrounding the cap. A reservoir is provided. The reservoir and the vent duct are configured such that condensate precipitating in the vent duct accumulates in the reservoir when the cap is in the state fitted to the sample vessel.

A container is disclosed. The container includes a canister body, at least one heating device and at least one safety device. The canister body includes an inner space for storing a gas storage material. The at least one heating device is accommodated within an inner space of the canister body for heating the gas storage material, so that the gas storage material releases a gas. The at least one safety device is connected with the corresponding heating device and installed on an end part of the canister body. When a temperature of the inner space is higher than a predetermined temperature value or a pressure of the inner space is higher than a predetermined pressure value, a portion of the gas is released through the safety device.

Devices and methods for safely using acid/chlorite ClO.sub.2 generator chemistry for water treatment, whereby a valve prevents chemical draw unless there is both vacuum within the reaction chamber as well as suitable water volume in the flow chamber for dilution, are described. The float-dependent valve can also allow for direct venting from the reaction chamber to the flow chamber in the event of elevated pressure in the reaction chamber. This approach delivers an inherently safer ClO.sub.2 generator design for systems that utilize high strength reactor zones with ClO.sub.2 concentration above 3,000 ppm.

In a process for the epoxidation of an olefin by continuously reacting the olefin with hydrogen peroxide in a methanol solvent on a fixed bed epoxidation catalyst comprising a titanium zeolite, the hydrogen peroxide is used as an aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution made by an anthraquinone process, the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution is mixed with methanol to give a feed mixture and this feed mixture is filtered before being contacted with the fixed bed epoxidation catalyst.