The present invention provides microfabricated substrates and methods of conducting reactions within these substrates. The reactions occur in plugs transported in the flow of a carrier-fluid.

The present invention relates to a method of catalytic process characterization which comprises a reaction system having two or more reaction strands in a parallel arrangement, wherein an individual reaction strand comprises multiple series-connected reaction chambers or a single reaction chamber. In the method, which is also referred to as CPC method, each reaction strand is supplied with a reactant stream. The reactant streams supplied to the reaction strands are subjected to different numbers of process stages in the different reaction strands. The product streams discharged from the reaction strands are subjected to an analytical characterization, wherein the data achieved in the characterization are expressed in relative terms, here preferably including the forming of a difference. The CPC method can be used in a very versatile manner and is characterized by very high accuracy. The mass balance achieves a standard deviation of +/10% by weight or lower. Furthermore, the invention relates to an apparatus for performing the CPC method or else to an apparatus for simultaneously performing a multitude of CPC methods. The invention thus also relates to the field of high-throughput research.

Disclosed are modular chemical reaction systems and methods of using such chemical reaction systems. The disclosed systems can have a substrate layer and a plurality of modules selectively mounted to an outer surface of the substrate layer. The substrate layer can include flow connectors that cooperate with the modules to form a fluid flow pathway for performing at least one step of a chemical reaction. At least one of the modules can be a process module, such as a reactor or separator. The modules can also include at least one regulator module. The system can also include at least one analysis device that analyzes at least one characteristic of the chemical reaction as the reaction occurs. The system can also include processing circuitry that monitors and/or optimizes the chemical reaction based on feedback received from the analysis device or other system components.

A reaction cell for an automated peptide synthesizer consists of a body having a first reaction well in fluid communication with a second reaction well for simultaneous reactions. The first reaction well can be used for reagent pre-activation simultaneously with an amino acid addition in the second reaction well. When the addition reaction is complete and after a washing step the activated reagent is automatically transferred to the second reaction well for the next addition reaction without the necessity of a separate transfer step.

Methods and devices are provided herein for surfaces for de novo nucleic acid synthesis which provide for low error rates. In addition, methods and devices are provided herein for increased nucleic acid mass yield resulting from de novo nucleic acid synthesis.

The present disclosure provides methods, compositions, and kits for methods that can improve techniques nucleic acid analysis, and can allow for more reliable and accurate targeted, multiplexed, high throughput sequencing. The methods, compositions, and kits can be used for sequencing target loci of nucleic acid. The methods, compositions, and kits disclosed herein can be used for assisted de novo targeted sequencing. The methods, compositions, and kits disclosed herein can also be used for library labeling for de novo sequencing and phasing.

De novo synthesized large libraries of nucleic acids are provided herein with low error rates. Further, devices for the manufacturing of high-quality building blocks, such as oligonucleotides, are described herein. Longer nucleic acids can be synthesized in parallel using microfluidic assemblies. Further, methods herein allow for the fast construction of large libraries of long, high-quality genes. Devices for the manufacturing of large libraries of long and high-quality nucleic acids are further described herein.

The invention provided methods and devices for performing sequential, regulated multiplex reactions in a single tube without the addition or removal of contents from the tube.

A synthesis device comprises a plurality of pipes, a feeding unit, a reaction vessel, and a measurement mechanism. The pipes extend from a plurality of storage containers, respectively, in which a plurality of types of solutions are stored. The feeding unit is configured to feed the solutions in the storage containers through the pipes. The solutions selectively fed from the storage containers are put in the reaction vessel to generate a synthesized product by chemical synthesis. The measuring mechanism is provided between the storage containers and the reaction vessel in a middle of an overall flow path including the pipes, the measuring mechanism being configured to measure the solutions fed to the reaction vessel.

The invention generally relates to methods for quantifying an amount of enzyme molecules. Systems and methods of the invention are provided for measuring an amount of target by forming a plurality of fluid partitions, a subset of which include the target, performing enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the subset, and detecting the number of partitions in the sunset. The amount of target can be determined based on the detected number.