Various aspects disclosed relate to a DNA synthesis substrate. the substrate includes a low temperature co-fired ceramic support. The substrate further includes a linker molecule functionalized to the low temperature co-fired ceramic support.

Chemical synthesizer systems and methods for operating the same. One method includes receiving a first queue of instructions including a plurality of delivery instructions for operating a delivery assembly with respect to a plurality of synthesis plates and a plurality of vacuum instructions, grouped in a plurality of vacuum sections, for operating a vacuum assembly with respect to the plurality of synthesis plates. The method also includes sequentially processing each instruction included in the first queue of instructions by (i) executing the instruction when the instruction is one of the plurality of delivery instructions and (ii) moving, when the instruction is one of the plurality of vacuum instructions, one of the plurality of vacuum sections including the instruction to a second queue of instructions and executing instructions included in the second queue of instruction in parallel with instructions included in the first queue of instructions.

The invention provides a method for preparing a compound or a product having one or more characteristics that meet or exceed a user specification, the process comprising the step of selecting a first combination of chemical inputs, optionally together with physical inputs, and supplying those inputs to a reaction space, thereby to generate a first product; analyzing one or more characteristics of the product generated; comparing the one or more characteristics against a user specification; using a genetic algorithm selecting a second combination of chemical inputs, optionally together with physical inputs, wherein the second combination differs from the first combination, and supplying those inputs to the reaction space, thereby to generate a second product; analyzing one or more characteristics of the second product generated; comparing the one or more characteristics generated against the user specification; repeating the selecting and analyzing steps for further individual combinations of chemical and/or physical inputs, to provide an array of products wherein the flow chemistry system operates continuously to provide the first, second and further products, thereby to identify one or more products meeting or exceeding the user specification.

The invention provides a method for the isolation of a single cell embedded in a tissue while preserving the state of molecules of the cell, and therefore allows for transformation of a single target cell in live tissue into a format that can be evaluated using analytical methods.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to determine placement of multiple reaction site openings, wherein each reaction site opening is connected to a first sub-surface channel; connect the first sub-surface channel to two or more additional sub-surface channels by multiple vias; and provide a material for multiple reaction sites, wherein an overlap of the multiple reaction site openings and the material delineate the multiple reaction sites.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A system includes at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured for determining placement of multiple reaction site openings, wherein each reaction site opening is connected to a first sub-surface channel; connecting the first sub-surface channel to two or more additional sub-surface channels by multiple vias; and providing a material for multiple reaction sites, wherein an overlap of the multiple reaction site openings and the material delineate the multiple reaction sites.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to deliver multiple items of chemical matter independently to multiple reaction sites of a flow cell array across multiple distinct instances of time; image multiple parallel chemical reactions at the multiple reaction sites of the flow cell array; and record an emission from each of the multiple chemical reactions site.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A system includes at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured for delivering multiple items of chemical matter independently to multiple reaction sites of a flow cell array across multiple distinct instances of time; imaging multiple parallel chemical reactions at the multiple reaction sites of the flow cell array; and recording an emission from each of the multiple chemical reactions site.

Apparatus, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to determine placement of one or more reaction sites on a first component; provide a material for the reaction sites in one or more surface channels of the first component; connect the first component to a second component to form an array, wherein the surface channels of the first component connect the reaction sites with one or more vias, and wherein the second component comprises the vias connected to multiple sub-surface channels; and align the surface channels of the first component with the vias of the second component to form a connection between the first component and the second component.

Systems and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A system includes at least one processor coupled to a memory and configured for determining placement of one or more reaction sites on a first component; providing a material for the one or more reaction sites in one or more surface channels of the first component; connecting the first component to a second component to form an array, wherein the one or more surface channels of the first component connect the one or more reaction sites with one or more vias, and wherein the second component comprises the one or more vias connected to multiple sub-surface channels; and aligning the one or more surface channels of the first component with the one or more vias of the second component to form a connection between the first component and the second component.