A reactor system for conducting multiple continuous reactions in parallel may include a preheating unit that includes an outer preheater shell and a plurality of heating tubes disposed within the preheating shell and arranged in parallel. The reactor system may include a reactor unit downstream of the preheating unit, the reactor unit comprising a plurality of reactor tubes disposed within a reactor shell and an outer heating element disposed about the reactor shell. An inlet end of at least one of the reactor tubes may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the heating tubes of the preheating unit. The reactor unit may include a multi-chamber separator downstream of the reactor unit, the multi-chamber separator having a plurality of separation chambers. At least one of the separation chambers may be fluidly coupled to at least one of the reactor tubes.

Disclosed herein are methods for tracking solutions, (e.g., reaction conditions in solutions). In some embodiments, the method comprises: contacting a first lanthanide-chelator complex to a first solution to generate a first barcoded solution, wherein the first lanthanide-chelator complex comprises a first lanthanide chelated by a first chelator; contacting a second lanthanide-chelator complex to a second solution to generate a second barcoded solution, wherein the second lanthanide-chelator complex comprises a second lanthanide chelated by a second chelator; mixing the first barcoded solution and the second barcoded solution to form one or more mixtures; and identifying the first lanthanide ions in the mass spectrum and the second lanthanide ions in the mass spectrum to track the condition of each of the one or more mixtures.

An electron microscopy grid, includes: (i) a perforated substrate, (ii) a support film on the perforated substrate, the support film having a thickness of 60 Å or less, and (iii) linkers attached on top of the support film. The linkers has at least one affinity group for immobilizing an analyte; wherein the linkers form a non-random pattern on the support film.

Provided are methods for biological sample processing and analysis. A method can comprise providing a substrate configured to rotate. The substrate can comprise an array having immobilized thereto a biological analyte. A solution comprising a plurality of probes may be directed, via centrifugal force, across the substrate during rotation of the substrate, to couple at least one of the plurality of probes with the biological analyte. A detector can be configured to detect a signal from the at least one probe coupled to the biological analyte, thereby analyzing the biological analyte.

Systems, computer program products, and methods for using a flow cell array are provided herein. A computer program product includes a computer readable storage medium having program instructions embodied therewith, the program instructions executable by a device to cause the device to deliver multiple items of chemical matter independently to multiple reaction sites of a flow cell array across multiple distinct instances of time; image multiple parallel chemical reactions at the multiple reaction sites of the flow cell array; and record an emission from each of the multiple chemical reactions site.

The invention generally relates to methods for quantifying an amount of enzyme molecules. Systems and methods of the invention are provided for measuring an amount of target by forming a plurality of fluid partitions, a subset of which include the target, performing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the subset, and detecting the number of partitions in the subset. The amount of target can be determined based on the detected number.

The invention generally relates to methods for quantifying an amount of enzyme molecules. Systems and methods of the invention are provided for measuring an amount of target by forming a plurality of fluid partitions, a subset of which include the target, performing an enzyme-catalyzed reaction in the subset, and detecting the number of partitions in the sunset. The amount of target can be determined based on the detected number.

The invention proceeds from an apparatus for analyzing reactions, comprising a starting material distributor and at least two reactors which are connected in parallel and are each connected via a connecting conduit to an outlet of the starting material distributor. To set the inflow, a pressure regulator and a restrictor are installed in each connecting conduit between the starting material distributor and the reactors or an outlet conduit in which a restrictor and a pressure regulator are installed branches off from each connecting conduit. The invention further relates to a method for analyzing reactions in such an apparatus.

The present invention generally relates to droplet libraries and to systems and methods for the formation of libraries of droplets. The present invention also relates to methods utilizing these droplet libraries in various biological, chemical, or diagnostic assays.

Metal oxide catalysts comprising various dopants are provided. The catalysts are useful as heterogenous catalysts in a variety of catalytic reactions, for example, the oxidative coupling of methane to C2 hydrocarbons such as ethane and ethylene. Related methods for use and manufacture of the same are also disclosed.