The present disclosure provides a fabrication process that results in creating large arrays of living cells, such as stem cells, which are subsequently exposed to nanoliter quantities of compounds to test the efficacy on cellular metabolism.

A device (100) and a method optically control a chemical reaction in a reaction chamber (149) holding a reagent fluid (114). The chemical reaction includes a nucleic acid sequencing on a wiregrid. Based on strong optical confinement of excitation light (110) and of cleavage light (112), the sequencing reaction can be read-out. Stepwise sequencing is achieved by using nucleotides with optically cleavable blocking moieties. After read-out the built in nucleotide is deblocked by cleavage light through the same substrate. This ensures that only bound nucleotides will be unblocked. In order to avoid overheating by cleavage light, the reagent fluid is circulated along the surface of the substrate (101).

Devices and methods are provided for selectively expelling and/or transferring nucleic acids. In one aspect, the device includes a component (e.g., a piezoelectric or an acoustic component) configured to align with one or more features on a solid support, such that when in use, the component (e.g., the piezoelectric or acoustic component) generates a mechanical force to selectively expel and/or transfer one or more volumes of nucleic acid from the solid support. The solid support can include a plurality of discrete features, each feature having a volume (e.g., droplet) of nucleic acid thereon. A power source can be included to provide an electric current to the component (e.g., the piezoelectric or acoustic component, if present) to generate mechanical force. The device can be used for nucleic acid singulation during and/or after assembly.

The present invention relates to DNA sequencing with reagent cycling on the wiregrid. The sequencing approach suggested with which allows to use a single fluid with no washing steps. Based on strong optical confinement and of excitation light and of cleavage light, the sequencing reaction can be read-out without washing the surface. Stepwise sequencing is achieved by using nucleotides with optically cleavable blocking moieties. After read-out the built in nucleotide is deblocked by cleavage light through the same substrate. This ensures that only bound nucleotides will be unblocked.

The present disclosure relates to processes for derivatizing a surface of a substrate with a covalently bonded thin film of hydroxalkylated poly(acrylamide) as a platform for the synthesis of a biomolecule array. These processes can also be used to prepare a surface of a substrate for an in situ solid-phase synthesis of biomolecule array.

Provided herein are systems and methods for nucleic acid sequencing by synthesis in a plurality of wells using detectably labeled chain terminating nucleotides with photolabile blocking groups and pulses of photocleaving light. In certain embodiments, the systems and methods provides a plurality of deblock-scan cycles comprising an initial deblock time period followed by a scanning light period, wherein at least one of the following occurs in each deblock-scan cycle: 1) the deblock time period is shorter than the scan time period; 2) the deblock time period is only long enough to deblock the photolabile groups that are part of a primer in less than all of the plurality of wells; or 3) the deblock time period is between 25 and 150 mSec and the scan time is at least 200 mSec. Such shorter deblock time periods help prevent the addition of more than one nucleotide to the primer prior to scanning (e.g., accuracy is enhanced).

A method for producing a nucleic acid array which includes (a) a step of forming a layer (a PAG layer) made of a resin composition containing a photoacid generator (PAG) for generating an acid as a result of being exposed to light on a solid phase which has a molecule immobilized thereon and having a functional group protected by an acid-decomposable protective group; (b) a step of exposing a desired position of the PAG layer to light; (c) a step of removing the PAG layer which has been exposed to light; and (d) a step of bringing the solid phase from which the PAG layer has been removed into contact with a nucleotide derivative having an acid-decomposable protective group is provided.

The present invention relates to the field of chemical synthesis. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods, materials, compositions, and devices for multiplexing chemical synthesis. In particular, the present invention provides novel methods, materials, compositions, and devices to synthesize plurality of chemical compounds, including but not limited to nucleic acids, peptides, saccharides, and phospholipids. Specifically, the present invention provides methods, materials, compositions, and devices to first form plurality of isolated wells on a solid substrate and then to carry out plurality of chemical reactions in the isolated wells, in parallel, and on the same substrate.

The disclosure relates to a photoreactor for performing photocatalytic reactions with a particulate photocatalyst loaded in the reactor. The photoreactor includes an internal wall having an outer surface and defining an interior volume, and a transparent external wall having an outer surface and an opposing inner surface. The internal and external walls are spaced apart so that they together define a reaction volume between the walls. The photoreactor further includes an external light transmission apparatus, such as a light source and/or a light guide, positioned around the external wall and being adapted to transmit light through the external and into the reaction volume. When a particulate photocatalyst loaded in the reaction volume is irradiated by external light transmission apparatus while a reactant is flowing through the reaction volume, a photocatalytic reaction can be performed to form a desired reaction product.

Provided herein are methods, chemical library and simulation system for performing in situ patterned chemistry. Methods, systems and assays comprising the use of the synthesized chemical libraries, which increase explored protein space in a knowledge-based manner, are also provided for characterizing antibody-target interactions including: identifying target proteins of antibodies, characterizing antibody-binding regions in target proteins, identifying linear and structural epitopes in target proteins, and determining the propensity of antibody binding to target proteins.