A device for mixing fluids for a downflow catalytic reactor (1): at least one substantially horizontal collector (5) provided with a substantially vertical collection conduit (7) receiving fluids collected by (5); at least one injector (8) of a quench fluid opening into (7); a mixing chamber (9) downstream of (5) having an inlet end connected directly to (7) and an outlet end (10) evacuating the fluids; and a pre-distribution plate (11) having a plurality of perforations and at least one riser (13), located downstream of (9);
the section of said mixing chamber (9) is a parallelogram and has at least one means (15) deflecting over at least one of the four internal walls of mixing chamber (9) with a parallelogram section.

According to the present invention, there is provided a polysilicon production apparatus including: a horizontal reaction tube having an inlet port through which gaseous raw materials including reactant gases and a reducing gas are supplied, an outlet port through which residual gases exit, a reaction surface with which the gaseous raw materials come into contact, and bottom openings through which molten polysilicon produced by the reactions of the gaseous raw materials is discharged; and first heating means adapted to heat the reaction surface of the horizontal reaction tube. The horizontal reaction tube includes reaction regions consisting of first reaction regions where polysilicon is deposited and second reaction regions where reaction by-products are converted to the reactant gases. The first reaction regions are connected in series with the second reaction regions. Also provided is a polysilicon production method using the polysilicon production apparatus.

Provided a high-pressure homogenizer comprising a channel module comprising a microchannel through which an object for homogenization passes, wherein the microchannel is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel sequentially arranged along the direction through which the object passes, the first flow channel is provided with a plurality of first baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, the second flow channel is provided with a plurality of second baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, and at least one of the first baffles is provided to be positioned between two adjacent second baffles.

The present invention concerns a reactor and a process for the hydrothermal treatment of an aqueous mixture, such as watery biomass. The reactor according to the invention comprises (31) an inlet for receiving the aqueous mixture, (32) a tube-shaped reactor interior, which is inclined at an angle in the range of 1-45°; (33) a first zone in the reactor interior (32) comprising means (5) for heating the aqueous mixture; (34) a second zone in the reactor interior (32) for keeping the aqueous mixture at the predetermined temperature; (35) a third zone in the reactor interior (32) for cooling the aqueous mixture; (38) an outlet for discharging a hydrothermally treated aqueous mixture, and (43) an outlet for discharging gas, wherein inlet (31) and outlet (43) are positioned at the top part of the reactor and outlet (38) at the bottom part of the reactor. The inclined nature of the reactor ensures that all gases are efficiently removed from the liquid effluent, and the CO.sub.2 formed during the process is used to improved efficacy of the hydrothermal treatment.

Pressure processing systems disclosed herein comprise rotating fluid flow paths. Transfer of angular momentum between the working fluid and the fluid flow path may be configured to increase pressure within the system and/or recover energy used to increase pressure within the system. Rotation of pressure processing systems may be configured to alter working fluid pressure within the pressure processing system. Filtration and/or chemical processes may be performed within a pressure processing portion of such systems. Working fluid may be introduced or recovered from the system at various radial positions.

The invention discloses a reactor for preparing a formulation. The reactor comprises at least two apertures, a base and at least one sidewall extending flush therefrom, wherein the base and the sidewall together define a mixing chamber with a height h.sub.M and at least one axis of symmetry arranged substantially perpendicular to the base and at least one distance r from the sidewall. A first aperture is arranged within the base or adjacent to the base in the sidewall of the mixing chamber at a height h.sub.A ranging from 0.6 to 0.0 h.sub.M in order to introduce free-flowing materials and/or mixtures to the mixing chamber. The first aperture is configured with a non-return valve disposed therein or adjacent thereto, the non-return valve permitting the introduction of free-flowing materials to the mixing chamber through the aperture, but preventing outflow of free-flowing materials from the mixing chamber through the aperture. The first aperture is formed with an aperture area extending in a range between a minimum and a maximum, the minimum area being 0.05 mm.sup.2 and the maximum area being determined by a value resulting from Volume.sub.mixing chamber [cm.sup.3]/Area.sub.first aperture [cm.sup.2]≈5500.

Provided a high-pressure homogenizer comprising a channel module comprising a microchannel through which an object for homogenization passes, wherein the microchannel is provided with a first flow channel and a second flow channel sequentially arranged along the direction through which the object passes, the first flow channel is provided with a plurality of first baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, the second flow channel is provided with a plurality of second baffles disposed so as to partition the microchannel into a plurality of spaces, and at least one of the first baffles is provided to be positioned between two adjacent second baffles.

This disclosure describes an improved heat transfer system for use in reaction vessels used in chemical and biological processes. In one embodiment, a heat transfer baffle comprising two sub-assemblies adjoined to one another is provided.

A system for controlling contamination in hydrogen production from water-reactive aluminum includes at least one reaction vessel. For example, each reaction vessel may include a container, a conduit, and a plurality of baffles. The container may define a volume, and the conduit may define an orifice outside of the container and spaced away from the container. The plurality of baffles may be disposed in the volume to form a tortuous flow path through the volume to the orifice of the conduit to facilitate rapid production of a large quantity of hydrogen from water-reactive aluminum while reducing the likelihood that ejecta, aerosols, or a combination thereof, may escape the reaction vessel to interfere with end-use of the hydrogen produced.

A downflow reactor, e.g. a downer reactor or system, includes an outer wall defining an interior reactor space. An elongated plug is within the outer wall having a first end and a second end, defining a longitudinal axis between the first and second ends. A distribution baffle positioned at a vertical position between the first end and the second end of the elongated plug configured and adapted to direct hot down flowing catalyst towards a feedstock spray.