The disclosed invention relates to a method for restarting a synthesis gas conversion process which has stopped. The synthesis gas conversion process may be conducted in a conventional reactor or a microchannel reactor. The synthesis gas conversion process may comprise a process for converting synthesis gas to methane, methanol or dimethyl ether. The synthesis gas conversion process may be a Fischer-Tropsch process.

The disclosed invention relates to a method for restarting a synthesis gas conversion process which has stopped. The synthesis gas conversion process may be conducted in a conventional reactor or a microchannel reactor. The synthesis gas conversion process may comprise a process for converting synthesis gas to methane, methanol or dimethyl ether. The synthesis gas conversion process may be a Fischer-Tropsch process.

The disclosed invention relates to a method for restarting a synthesis gas conversion process which has stopped. The synthesis gas conversion process may be conducted in a conventional reactor or a microchannel reactor. The synthesis gas conversion process may comprise a process for converting synthesis gas to methane, methanol or dimethyl ether. The synthesis gas conversion process may be a Fischer-Tropsch process.

The present disclosure provides an apparatus for producing fine particles, the apparatus comprising: a particle formation mechanism and a particle-outlet micro-channel. The particle formation mechanism may include a unit-structure, wherein the unit-structure includes: first and second portions adjacent to each other; a first inlet defined in the first portion at a first height, wherein a continuous phase solution is injected into the first inlet; a second inlet defined in the first portion at a second height different from the second height, wherein a dispersed phase solution is injected into the second inlet; a merging volume defined in the second portion adjacent to the first portion, wherein the merging volume is defined at third height, wherein the third height is equal to either the first height and the second height, or has a value between the first height and the second height, wherein the continuous phase solution and the dispersed phase solution are merged in the merging volume, wherein fine particles are formed via the merging between the continuous phase solution and the dispersed phase solution in the merging volume; and a first micro-channel and a second micro-channel branching from the merging volume so as to be in communication with the first inlet and the second inlet, respectively.

The invention provides methods and systems for water dissociation with microplasma generated in microchannel plasma arrays or chips. Preferred methods and systems introduce water vapor into a microchannel plasma array. Electrical power is applied to the microchannel plasma array to create a plasma chemical reaction of the water vapor in the microchannel plasma array. Dissociated hydrogen and/or oxygen gas is collected at an output of the microchannel plasma array. The water vapor can be entrained in a carrier gas, but is preferably introduced without carrier gas. Direct introduction of water vapor has been demonstrated to provide efficiencies at an above 60%. The use of carrier gas reduces efficiency, but still exceeds efficiencies of prior methods discussed in the background.

A catalytic reactor is provided comprising a plurality of first flow channels including a catalyst for a first reaction; a plurality of second flow channels arranged alternately with the first flow channels; adjacent first and second flow channels being separated by a divider plate (13a, 13b), and a distributed temperature sensor such as an optical fiber cable (19). The distributed temperature sensor may be located within the divider plate, or within one or 10 more of the flow channels.

A process for continuous preparation of halogenated alkoxyethane of general formula XClHCCF.sub.2OR, where X is Cl or F and OR is C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, the process comprising a step of introducing in a plate reactor reaction components comprising (i) a compound of general formula XClC?CF.sub.2, (ii) a base, and (iii) a C.sub.1-4 alkanol, wherein a) the plate reactor comprises a fluidic module defining one or more fluidic path(s) through which the reaction components flow as a reaction mixture, and b) the halogenated alkoxyethane is formed at least upon the reaction components mixing, with the so formed halogenated alkoxyethane flowing out of the plate reactor in a reactor effluent.

The invention relates to an evaporator (V) comprising an evaporator body (3) surrounded by an evaporator housing (5) having an inlet (1) for supply of liquid into the evaporator housing (5) and an outlet (6) for discharge of vapour generated,

wherein the evaporator body (3) comprises a multitude of plates (7) arranged flat one on top of another,
wherein there is a liquid distributor (2) for distributing the liquid between the multitude of plates (7) arranged between the inlet (1) and the evaporator body (3),
wherein each of the plates (7) comprises, on a first surface, a liquid distributor structure (10) with distributor conduits (20, 21, 22), an evaporator area (11) and a gas collection structure (12).

The invention further relates to a corresponding fuel cell arrangement.

There is provided a master for micro flow path creation, a transfer copy, and a method for producing a master for micro flow path creation by which transfer copies having an area with high hydrophilicity can be easily mass-produced, the master for micro flow path creation including: a base material; a main concave-convex portion provided on a surface of the base material and extending in a planar direction of the base material; and a fine concave-convex portion provided on a surface of the main concave-convex portion and having a narrower pitch than the main concave-convex portion. The fine concave-convex portion has an arithmetic average roughness of 10 nm to 150 nm and has a specific surface area ratio of 1.1 to 3.0.

A small reactor, which contains an inorganic transparent substrate, which contains: a reaction channel configured to allow a chemical reaction to proceed therein; a supply channel, which is connected to one end of the reaction channel, and is configured to supply samples to be reacted in the reaction channel; and a discharge channel, which is connected to the other end of the reaction channel, and is configured to discharge a reaction product from the reaction channel, wherein the inorganic transparent substrate is in the shape of an arc-shaped curve.