An apparatus includes a substrate having a recess and a multitude of particles arranged in the recess. A first portion of the particles is joined to a porous structure by means of a coating. A second portion of the particles is not joined by means of the coating. The first portion of the particles is arranged closer to an opening of the recess than the second portion of the particles so that a leaking of the second portion of the particles from the recess through the opening is prevented.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of green catalysis and biosynthesis, and particularly relates to a carbon-based microreactor, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the present invention, a carbon-based microchannel monolithic column is prepared by utilizing a graded pore structure of regular channels of natural wood in combination with an inorganic salt supporting framework, temperature programmed accurate carbonization and other methods, and then, the multiple advantages of the carbon monolithic column, the microreactor, and immobilized enzyme/chemical catalyst are fully played from the view of key technologies such as carbon-based microreactor construction, operation control, etc. The microreactor has the advantages of low cost, easy access, simple preparation, high flux, high mass and heat transfer efficiency, environmental friendliness, easy mass production, continuity, automation, suitability for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, high product quality, and long-term stable operation.

The disclosed invention relates to a process for converting ethylbenzene to styrene, comprising: flowing a feed composition comprising ethylbenzene in at least one process microchannel in contact with at least one catalyst to dehydrogenate the ethylbenzene and form a product comprising styrene; exchanging heat between the process microchannel and at least one heat exchange channel in thermal contact with the process microchannel; and removing product from the process microchannel. Also disclosed is an apparatus comprising a process microchannel, a heat exchange channel, and a heat transfer wall positioned between the process microchannel and heat exchange channel wherein the heat transfer wall comprises a thermal resistance layer.

The present invention belongs to the technical field of green catalysis and biosynthesis, and particularly relates to a carbon-based microreactor, and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the present invention, a carbon-based microchannel monolithic column is prepared by utilizing a graded pore structure of regular channels of natural wood in combination with an inorganic salt supporting framework, temperature programmed accurate carbonization and other methods, and then, the multiple advantages of the carbon monolithic column, the microreactor, and immobilized enzyme/chemical catalyst are fully played from the view of key technologies such as carbon-based microreactor construction, operation control, etc. The microreactor has the advantages of low cost, easy access, simple preparation, high flux, high mass and heat transfer efficiency, environmental friendliness, easy mass production, continuity, automation, suitability for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, high product quality, and long-term stable operation.

A method of making a bijel includes dispersing surface-active nanoparticles in a ternary liquid mixture. The ternary liquid mixture includes a hydrophilic liquid, a hydrophobic liquid, and a solvent. The ternary liquid mixture is contacted with water. A bijel includes a stable mixture of two immiscible liquids separated by an interfacial layer of colloidal particles. The bijel has temperature-independent stability, and the domain sizes are below one micrometer.

The invention discloses a functionalised chromatography medium, comprising: i) at least one non-woven layer of polymeric nanofibres comprising a plurality of nanofibre-nanofibre fusion points; ii) a grafted polymer coating covering the polymeric nanofibres and the nanofibre-nanofibre fusion points; iii) a plurality of ligand groups covalently bound to the grafted polymer coating, wherein the ligand groups are capable of interacting with a target biomolecule.

The invention discloses a functionalised chromatography medium, comprising: i) at least one non-woven layer of polymeric nanofibres comprising a plurality of nanofibre-nanofibre fusion points; ii) a grafted polymer coating covering the polymeric nanofibres and the nanofibre-nanofibre fusion points; iii) a plurality of ligand groups covalently bound to the grafted polymer coating, wherein the ligand groups are capable of interacting with a target biomolecule.

Apparatuses for generation of a gas, for example chlorine dioxide, methods of forming an apparatus, and methods of use thereof are provided. The apparatus may include at least one pouch composed of a hydrophobic material and a reactant disposed within the interior of the pouch. The reactant generates a desired gas in the presence of an initiating agent.