The present invention relates to an apparatus for producing trichlorosilane from tetrachlorosilane in an efficient manner. The apparatus includes an inlet through which reaction raw materials including a metal silicon powder dispersed in liquid tetrachlorosilane enter, a hole through which a gaseous reaction raw material is fed, an outlet through which reaction products including trichlorosilane exit, a tubular reactor in which the reaction raw materials entering through the inlet react with each other during flow, and means for impeding the flow of the fluids to cause collision of the fluids during flow.

Methods for monitoring catalytic chemical reactions are provided. Such a method may comprise (a) exposing a solid surface to conditions to induce a chemical reaction of reactants at an interface formed between the solid surface and a liquid crystal, wherein the solid surface catalyzes the chemical reaction and the liquid crystal is characterized by an anchoring orientation that changes during the chemical reaction; and (b) measuring the anchoring orientation of the liquid crystal at one or more time points and at one or more locations on the solid surface during step (a). Systems for carrying out the methods are also provided.

A flow synthesis device that synthesizes a compound by mixing a plurality of fluids is provided. The flow synthesis device includes a raw material supply unit through which the plurality of fluids are supplied, a mixing channel portion in which the plurality of fluids supplied from the raw material supply unit are mixed to be a synthesized compound, a stagnation channel portion in which the synthesized compound stagnates, the stagnation channel portion being connected in series with a downstream end of the mixing channel portion, and a vibration applying mechanism that applies vibration to the mixing channel portion from a vertically lower side to a vertically upper side, the vibration applying mechanism being provided only to a part of a lower surface of the mixing channel portion.

A process of continuously producing polyisobutylene may include continuously feeding isobutylene, a catalyst, a co-catalyst and optionally a solvent into a milli-channel reactor; and continuously polymerizing at least a portion of the isobutylene to produce a polyisobutylene within a reaction mixture. A light-polyisobutylene produced by continuously feeding isobutylene, a catalyst, and optionally a solvent and a co-catalyst into a milli-channel reactor and continuously polymerizing at least a portion of the isobutylene to produce a polyisobutylene in a reaction mixture.

A flow reactor that mixes a first and a second fluid, wherein the first fluid flows toward a first tip between an inner wall of a first inner tubular portion and an outer wall of a second inner tubular portion, the second fluid flows toward a second tip inside the second inner tubular portion, a third fluid having low affinity for the first and the second fluid flows toward a downstream end between an outer wall of the first inner tubular portion and an inner wall of an outer tubular portion, the second tip of the second inner tubular portion does not protrude further to the side of the downstream end than the first tip of the first inner tubular portion, and the first tip is located closer to the side of the upstream end than the downstream end when viewed from a direction orthogonal to the flow direction.

The present disclosure is directed towards improved systems and methods for large-scale production of nanoparticles used for delivery of therapeutic material. The apparatus can be used to manufacture a wide array of nanoparticles containing therapeutic material including, but not limited to, lipid nanoparticles and polymer nanoparticles. In certain embodiments, continuous flow operation and parallelization of microfluidic mixers contribute to increased nanoparticle production volume.