The invention relates to a termination device of a tubular reactor comprising at least one separation element adapted for the separation of solid particles and gaseous effluents and at least one coupling element that is part of an end of said tubular reactor, said separation element being connected to said coupling element, characterized in that each element of the termination device is made of ceramic material. The invention also relates to a tubular reactor, having a vertical or substantially vertical axis, of a fluid catalytic cracking unit equipped with a termination device according to the invention and to a corresponding fluid catalytic cracking unit.

A generally spherical high strength ceramic body for use in an ATR and/or SR unit covering a catalyst media bed. The ceramic body is a fully stabilized YSZ composite composition having at least about 13% yttria YSZ, and more typically from about 12% to about 20% yttria YSZ, with a porosity of less than 20 percent and a diameter of at least 25 mm and, more typically, selected from the group comprising 25 mm, 50 mm, 76 mm and 100 mm.

A corrosion resistant refractory ceramic hexagonal target tile body for use covering a catalyst, including a generally flat hexagonal portion and a plurality of generally right circular cylindrical aperture portions extending therethrough, wherein the hexagonal tile body has a thickness of about 89 mm and a width of about 42 cm and is 13 percent yttria fully stabilized YSZ. Each respective aperture has a diameter of about 19 mm.

An injection element (10) for a gas injection system (1) inside a regenerator of a fluid catalytic cracking unit, said injection element defining a flow passage (12) and being arranged so as to be able to be fastened to a support (11) so that said flow passage opens on one side into a cavity and on the other side into a fluidized catalyst bed, characterized in that said injection element is made of ceramic material.

A new type of burning device for producing hydrohalogen compounds.

The invention relates to a partial oxidation reactor (POX reactor) for producing a raw synthesis gas stream by partial oxidation of a carbon-containing input stream in gaseous form, in liquid form or in solid, particulate form dispersed in a carrier liquid or a carrier gas in the presence of an oxygen-containing oxidant stream and optionally a moderator stream containing steam and/or carbon dioxide. The invention further relates to a process for producing a raw synthesis gas stream. The partial oxidation reactor according to the invention provides for introducing a cylindrical or frustoconical inlet region having a constant diameter or a diameter that is smaller on the entrance side. The inlet region is arranged upstream of a cylindrical main reactor portion and represents a bottleneck-like section since the largest diameter of the inlet region is smaller than the diameter of the cylindrical main reactor portion.

The present invention relates to a fluidized bed reactor, comprising a reaction tube, a distributor and a heating device, the reaction tube and the distributor at the bottom of the reaction tube composing a closed space, the distributor comprising a gas inlet and a product outlet, and the reaction tube comprising a tail gas outlet and a seed inlet at the top or upper part respectively, characterized in that the reaction tube comprises a reaction inner tube and a reaction outer tube, and the heating device is an induction heating device placed within a hollow cavity formed between the external wall of the reaction inner tube and the internal wall of the reaction outer tube, wherein the hollow cavity is filled with hydrogen, nitrogen or inert gas for protection, and is able to maintain a pressure of about 0.01 to about 5 MPa; and also to a process of producing high purity granular polysilicon using the reactor. The fluidized bed reactor according to the present invention uses induction heating to heat directly the silicon particles inside the reaction chamber, such that the temperature of the reaction tube is lower than that inside the reaction chamber, which accordingly avoids deposition on the tube wall and results in more uniform heating, and thus is useful for large diameter fluidized bed reactors with much increased output for a single reactor.

Disclosed herein is a solar reactor comprising a reactor member; an aperture for receiving solar radiation, the aperture being disposed in a plane on a wall of the reactor member, where the plane is oriented at any angle other than parallel relative to the centerline of the reactor member; a plurality of absorber tubes, wherein the absorber tubes are oriented such that their respective centerlines are at an angle other than 90 relative to the centerline of the reactor member; and wherein the aperture has a hydraulic diameter that is from 0.2 to 4 times a hydraulic diameter of at least one absorber tube in the plurality of absorber tubes; and a reactive material, the reactive material being disposed in the plurality of absorber tubes.

In one aspect, the invention includes a reactor apparatus for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, the apparatus including: a reactor component comprising a refractory material in oxide form, the refractory material having a melting point of at least 2060 C. and which remains in oxide form when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10.sup.15 bar, a carbon partial pressure above the carbon partial pressure of the zirconium carbide and zirconium oxide phase transition at the same temperature, and at temperatures below the temperature of the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10.sup.15 bar; and ii) when exposed to a gas having an oxygen partial pressure of 10.sup.15 bar and at temperatures above the zirconium triple point at the oxygen partial pressure of 10.sup.15 bar. In some embodiments, the reactor comprises a regenerative pyrolysis reactor apparatus and in other embodiments it includes a reverse flow regenerative reactor apparatus. In other aspects, this invention includes a method for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock using a pyrolysis reactor system comprising the step of providing in a heated region of a pyrolysis reactor system for pyrolyzing a hydrocarbon feedstock, apparatus comprising the above refractory material.

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.