A method for making a tube is described in which a multi-layer billet is extruded to provide a tube having a wall comprising an inner layer metallurgically bonded to an outer layer.

A one-to-many parallelized millireactor system capable of high throughput production in millireactors. Also disclosed is a method for carrying out multi-phase reactions.

Disclosed is a reactor system that contains multiple millireactors, each including a millitube, a first feed line, a second feed line, and a third feed line. Each of the first and second feed lines has a hydraulic damper disposed therein. Also disclosed is a process for conducting in a millitube a triphasic flow reaction that requires a liquid reactant, a gas reactant, and a catalyst.

The present invention relates to a solution reaction apparatus and solution reaction method using the same, and more particularly a solution reaction apparatus and a solution reaction method using the same, wherein a reaction vessel is made by using a sealing member, a reaction vessel forming member, and a substrate serving as the bottom part of the reaction vessel so as to cause one side of a reaction solution only to contact the solution, thereby adjusting the temperature of the substrate differently from the temperature of the solution. The solution reaction apparatus of the present invention can control temperature of the substrate and temperature of the reaction solution separately, thereby it can control the temperature of the solution above the boiling point of the solution, and can react the solution while constantly maintaining the concentration of the solution by the solution circulatory device. Accordingly, it has an effect of freely forming various nanostructures on the substrate.

Improved hydrochlorination reactors, which have a larger internal volume and hence functional capacity than presently available hydrochlorination reactors, may be prepared with reactor walls having inner and outer layers where each layer provides a unique benefit, the inner layer having hydrogen chloride resistance and the outer layer having high strength at elevated temperature and pressure. Alternatively, or additionally, hoops may be disposed along the outside of the reactor wall to provide additional strength to the reactor during operation. Specified materials may be used to form the reactor wall in order to provide both acid resistance and high strength at elevated operating temperatures.

Some embodiments of the present invention provide components for a serpentine fluid reactor which is optimized for one or more objective functions of interest such as pressure drop, erosion rate, fouling, coke deposition and operating costs. The components are designed by computer modeling the components individually and collectively in which the cross section of flow path is substantially circular under industrial conditions to validate the model design and its operation. Then iteratively the component designs are deformed and the operation of the deformed part(s) is modeled and compared to values obtained with other deformed models until the value of the objective function is optimized (e.g. at an extreme) or the change in the objective function is approaching zero.

Apparatus and methods are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. A hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process.

An oxidation apparatus configured to receive a gas stream, the oxidation apparatus having: an apparatus inlet port; a heat exchanger in fluid communication with the apparatus inlet port, the heat exchanger having: a cold gas channel in fluid communication with the apparatus inlet port; and a hot gas channel in thermal communication with the cold gas channel; a reactor inlet port in fluid communication with the cold gas channel; a reactor body in fluid communication with the reactor inlet port; a reactor outlet port in fluid communication with the reactor body and the hot gas channel; and an apparatus outlet port in fluid communication with the hot gas channel. The reactor body is configured to continuously oxidize fuel gas within the gas stream, such that gas travelling through the hot gas channel heats gas travelling through the cold gas channel, preheating the gas stream prior to entering the reactor body.

The present invention relates to a method of reducing the deposit of metallic transition metal, particularly palladium, on a metal part in hydrogenation reactions using hydrogen and a heterogenous supported palladium catalyst. These metallic transition metal deposit, particularly palladium deposits, are particularly formed at areas which are exposed to high velocity and shear forces of the hydrogenation mixture comprising the transition metal catalyst, particularly palladium catalyst. They are significantly reduced or even avoided when the surface of the respective metal parts are coated by a plasma sprayed ceramic coating.