Process and respective reactor for urea or melamine synthesis, comprising sonication treatment of at least part of a reaction liquid mass or two-phase mixture contained inside said reactor.

One of the chief purposes of researchers in the field of chemistry is to perform chemical reactions at high rates; a method that can be adopted to achieve such goal is to perform reactions in magnetized solvents. Being passed through the Solvents Magnetizing Apparatus (SMA) magnetizes the solvent, and the magnetic property remains intact for a few days, while most chemical reactions are done in less than one day. It should be taken into consideration that the magnetized solvent is different from the Zeeman effect in chemistry. This technology is widely used in performing chemical processes of most chemical reactions.

A nanostructure includes a plurality of substantially spherically curved carbon layers having diameters in a range of 1 nanometer to 1000 nanometers and a plurality of halogen atoms attached to an outer convex side of the carbon layers. A composition of matter includes a liquid fuel and an additive including at least one liquid and a plurality of carbon nano-onions. A method of fabricating an additive for liquid fuel includes creating a carbon-based material using a plasma in an environment including at least one hydrocarbon gas and/or at least one liquid containing hydrocarbons, organometallic metal-complex, and/or element-organic compounds, evaporating organic material from the carbon-based material, halogenating the carbon-based material, and extracting carbon nano-onions from the halogenated carbon-based material.

The disclosure relates to a photoreactor for performing photocatalytic reactions with a particulate photocatalyst loaded in the reactor. The photoreactor includes an internal wall having an outer surface and defining an interior volume, and a transparent external wall having an outer surface and an opposing inner surface. The internal and external walls are spaced apart so that they together define a reaction volume between the walls. The photoreactor further includes an external light transmission apparatus, such as a light source and/or a light guide, positioned around the external wall and being adapted to transmit light through the external and into the reaction volume. When a particulate photocatalyst loaded in the reaction volume is irradiated by external light transmission apparatus while a reactant is flowing through the reaction volume, a photocatalytic reaction can be performed to form a desired reaction product.

The present invention provides a microplasma device and system thereof. The microplasma device comprises a reaction tank carrying with a reaction solution. A nanomaterial and its precursors are contained in the reaction solution. A first electrode is at least partially immersed in the reaction solution. A second electrode comprises a microplasma array component to eject microplasma array to the surface of the reaction solution. A power source is electrically connected between the first electrode and the second electrode. The present invention provides a novel microplasma array device to produce nanomaterial with increased yield rate. The microplasma array device can be multiplied by adding the outlet of the microplasma as desired to produce nanomaterial including but not limited to nano-metal particles, carbon quantum dots, silicon quantum dots and plasma-activated water with higher yield rate.

A light reactor for photochemical material production and/or treatment including a receiving space for receiving materials to be irradiated and/or receiving a reaction vessel containing such materials, a plurality of light sources, and a plurality of optical elements, which are distributed in an annular region in a plurality of rows around the receiving space. The optical elements are designed to form light bundles having main emission axes which, from row to row, are tilted differently with respect to a longitudinal axis of the annular region and together form a radiation space constricted between two cone tips, the center of which radiation space is in the central region of the receiving space.

A MOF production system and method of making are detailed for continuous and controlled synthesis of MOFs and MOF composites. The system can provide optimized yields of MOFs and MOF composites greater than or equal to 95%.

A continuous reaction system for preparing a ferromanganese oxalate precursor may comprise a first dissolution reactor, a second dissolution reactor, a first reactor, a second reactor, a material storage tank, and an ultrasonic reactor; the first dissolution reactor may be configured to accommodate a metal salt solution required for preparing the ferromanganese oxalate precursor, and the second dissolution reactor may be configured to accommodate a precipitant solution required for preparing the ferromanganese oxalate precursor; the first reactor may include a first feed port and a first overflow port, and the first feed port of the first reactor may be interconnected to a first discharge port of the first dissolution reactor and a second discharge port of the second dissolution reactor respectively through two pipelines.

The present disclosure relates generally to reactor systems that include (a) a housing having an interior surface that may be at least partially reflective, (b) at least one reactor cell disposed within an interior of the housing, the at least one reactor cell including an enclosure and a plasmonic photocatalyst on a catalyst support disposed within the at least one enclosure, where the enclosure is optically transparent and includes at least one input for a reactant to enter the at least one cell and at least one output for a reformate to exit the at least one cell and (c) at least one light source disposed within the interior of the housing and/or external to the housing.

An aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate is produced. As a alkali hexahydroxo platinate, sodium hexahydroxoplatinate or potassium hexahydroxoplatinate is used. The aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate is passed through a hydrogen form cation exchange resin layer in a cation exchange resin tower. The aqueous solution of alkali hexahydroxo platinate makes contact with the hydrogen form cation exchange resin of the hydrogen form cation exchange resin layer, thus a suspension of hexahydroxo platinic is generated. If gamma rays are irradiated to the suspension, a platinum oxide colloidal solution in which colloidal particles including a platinum dioxide, a platinum monoxide, and a platinum hydroxide exist is generated. In a platinum oxide colloidal solution, the content of impurities is little and a noble metal compound is dispersed stably in water.