A pharmaceutical composition is provided comprising a highly soluble arsenic carbonate and/or bicarbonate compound and which is useful in the treatment of a variety of cancers, including acute promyelocytic leukaemia. The arsenic carbonate and/or bicarbonate salt acts as a solid, and so orally deliverable, improved bioequivalent delivery form of arsenic trioxide IV solutions.

A process comprises feeding a stream of reactant compounds to a reactor and discharging a liquid plasma into the reactant stream in the reactor, wherein the plasma initiates or accelerates a reaction of the reactant compounds to form a product composition. The reactor can comprise one or more chambers, a high-voltage electrode positioned at a first portion of the one or more chambers, a ground electrode positioned at a second portion of the one or more chambers, and a dielectric plate between the ground electrode and the high-voltage electrode that comprises openings through which the reactant stream can pass from the first portion to the second portion or from the second portion to the first portion. Discharging the plasma can include supplying electrical power to the high-voltage electrode such that plasma is discharged where the reactant stream flows through the openings.

Provided herein are systems and methods for removing halogens and sulfur from used oil. The used oil is heated and aerated, followed by rapid vaporization and cooling. The cooled oil is then subjected to an electrical field before being filtered.

A reactor for reforming a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and associated processes and systems, are described herein. In one example, a two stage process is disclosed in which a first reactor is coupled to a second stage reactor having a reaction volume greater than the first reactor. In the first reactor, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is partially reformed and thereafter is inputted into the second stage reactor for complete partial oxidation. The reaction product is at last partially synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, as well as other low hydrocarbons such as methane, ethylene, ethane, and acetylene. The low hydrocarbons can be reformed further in a solid oxide fuel cell. A portion of the gaseous, rotating contents of the second stage reactor may be input into the first reactor to help generate and sustain rotation within the first reactor.

Apparatus features a container and a transducer. The container is made of a selected material and has a container wall with a selected thickness, and configured to hold a fluid therein. The transducer is configured on the outside of the container wall, and is also configured to provide a standing wave into the fluid. The selected thickness and material of the container wall is chosen to ensure about a ½ wavelength of a desired frequency exists within the container wall, so as to substantially reduce back reflections toward the transducer due to any mismatch in acoustic impedance at the interface between the container wall and the fluid, and so as to substantially maximize the amount of energy delivered to the fluid, thus improving the operating efficiency of the apparatus.

In order to provide a chemical reaction apparatus that can suppress a situation where microwaves are concentrated on a partial portion in a reactor, and that can more uniformly irradiate a content with the microwaves, a chemical reaction apparatus includes: a horizontal flow-type reactor in which a liquid content horizontally flows with an unfilled space being provided thereabove; a microwave generator that generates microwaves; and a waveguide that transmits the microwaves generated by the microwave generator to the unfilled space in the reactor, wherein a top of the reactor is curved with respect to a flow direction of the content.

In various embodiments, the invention teaches a method for water splitting with much higher efficiency than previous methods. By decreasing the distance between two electrodes to nanometer scale, even shorter than the electric field screening length, the external power required for water splitting is significantly reduced.

Compositions comprising branched C.sub.10 mercaptans selected from the group consisting of 5-methyl-1-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-1-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-1-mercapto-octane, 2-butyl-1-mercapto-hexane, 5-methyl-2-mercapto-nonane, 3-propyl-2-mercapto-heptane, 4-ethyl-2-mercapto-octane, 5-methyl-5-mercapto-nonane, and combinations thereof. Compositions comprising C.sub.11+ mercaptans, wherein the C.sub.11+ mercaptans are characterized by structure R.sup.6—SH, wherein R.sup.6 is an alkyl group derived from one or more C.sub.11+ monoolefins, and wherein the one or more C.sub.11+ monoolefins comprise C.sub.11 internal monoolefins, C.sub.12 internal monoolefins, C.sub.13 internal monoolefins, C.sub.14 internal monoolefins, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene, or combinations thereof.

Applying electromagnetic energy to a hydrocarbon feed in the presence of at least one of a solvent, a catalyst, an electromagnetic receptor or a hydrogenation agent may result in depolymerization and compositional modification of the hydrocarbon feedstock into at least one of smaller hydrocarbon product fractions or viscosity modification.

The invention relates to a lighting device, to the use of the lighting device in a photochemical reaction, to a photochemical reactor and to a method used by the lighting device. The lighting device 100 comprises an LED unit 110 configured to emit light 114 to be used in the photochemical reaction, a housing 120 configured to house the LED unit, wherein at least a part of the housing is transparent for light to be used in the photochemical reaction, wherein the housing is configured to contain a dielectric liquid transparent for light generated by the LED unit such that it is in direct contact with at least a part of the light emitting side of the LED unit, and a liquid movement arrangement 130 configured to support a movement of the dielectric liquid such that the dielectric liquid transports heat produced by the LED unit away from the LED unit.