The present disclosure is related to the field of chemistry and provides methods and devices for stimulation of endothermic reactions in gas phase with high activation barriers by nanosecond pulsed electrical discharge. It can be used for, e.g., CO.sub.2 functionalization of methane, H.sub.2S dissociation, hydrogen and syngas production, for processing ammonia synthesis and dissociation, etc. Some embodiments include methods and devices associated with the stimulation of plasma chemical reactions with nanosecond pulse electric discharge in the presence of gas flow.

A method for manufacturing a porous carbon material doped with a heterogeneous element and a porous carbon material doped with a heterogeneous element manufactured using the method are proposed. The method includes melting carbon precursor powder that contains one or more kinds of heterogeneous elements selected from metal and nonmetal to prepare a precursor melt; disposing a pair of metal wires in the precursor melt; and applying power to the metal wires to perform plasma-discharge, thus forming and aggregating carbon nanoparticles doped with the heterogeneous element while having a micropore and thereby forming a porous carbon material having a meso-macro hierarchical pore structure. As the heterogeneous element is bound to carbon of the carbon precursor, the carbon nanoparticles are formed in an amorphous structure while being doped with the heterogeneous element, thus increasing an active site.

A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase of a first gas to gas phase molecules of a second gas having higher molecular chain lengths than the hydrocarbons of the first gas. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a product outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the first gas to a second gas.

The disclosure deals with system/apparatus and corresponding and/or associated method for an open plasma reactor assembly provided to study pulsed reactive species produced in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in He—H.sub.2O and He—H.sub.2O—O.sub.2 mixture in atmospheric conditions using photo fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence (PFLIF). The objective is to detect and quantify hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide produced in the DBD. An OH laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) signal is acquired from LIF (using 282 nm laser) whereas LIF from OH generated from H.sub.2O.sub.2 is measured by from the PFLIF signal (using 213 nm+ 282 nm lasers). A known concentration of H.sub.2O.sub.2 in He serves to calibrate for H.sub.2O.sub.2 while the OH is calibrated with a chemical model. For both gas mixtures, there is both OH and H.sub.2O.sub.2 production in the discharge, while the H.sub.2O.sub.2 concentration was noticeably increased for the added O.sub.2 case.

A system and method produces nitrogen-based fertilizer, which is synthesized from air and water using renewable electricity, mainly from solar energy and low-temperature plasma technology and stored prior to distributing to plants via drip irrigation. The process of liquid fertilizer generation and system description are presented. A glass reactor with a digital 3D-printed end flange is utilized as a reactor chamber. The system and method synthesize a product that is primarily a liquid nitrate (NO.sub.3.sup.−) based fertilizer in an aqueous solution.

The embodiments disclosed herein are directed to systems, methods, and devices for producing materials having desired characteristics using microwave plasma. In some embodiments, performing an iterative process may be used to produce a material having desired characteristics, the process comprising forming a microwave plasma within the reaction chamber, analyzing the plasma to determine if properties of the plasma are within a range expected to produce the desired characteristics of the material; and adjusting, based on the analysis of the plasma, one or more parameters. In some embodiments, an extension tube is provided within a microwave plasma apparatus to extend the length of a microwave plasma.

Nanoparticles are synthesized by suctioning a liquid under a negative pressure with a negative-pressure suction force caused by the rotation of a rotary blade, causing cavitation by stirring the suctioned liquid by the rotary blade, generating plasma generated by a plasma generation mechanism in air bubbles generated in the liquid, and in that case, consuming an electrode containing elements constituting the nanoparticles to be synthesized.

A non-thermal plasma reactor system having an outer member; a non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve disposed within the outer member, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an central core volume, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve being smaller than the outer member to define an annular volume there between, the non-thermal plasma inner member sleeve having an inner surface boundary and an outer surface boundary to define a sleeve volume there between, the inner surface boundary and the outer surface boundary being permeable and configured to permit airflow between the annular volume and the central core volume; dielectric material being disposed within the sleeve volume; and at least one electrode extending within the sleeve volume and another electrode coupled to the inner sleeve member generating the non-thermal plasma contacting the airflow as it flows between the annular volume and the central core volume.

Method and apparatus for synthesizing compounds by a low temperature plasma dual-electric field aided gas phase reaction are provided. The method utilizes two different electrode corona discharge fields in a plasma aided reactor to form a plasma dual-electric field, using electric energy to convert gas into gas molecules, atoms, ions and/or free radicals, and then reforming and reducing to obtain organic compounds such as aliphatic hydrocarbons, higher carbon ethers, higher carbon alcohols, higher carbon esters, lower carbon alcohols, and the like; also inorganic compounds such as N.sub.2, O.sub.2, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, NH.sub.3, and the like. The apparatus includes a reactor having a plasma region of two different corona discharge fields, wherein an alternating current corona discharge field or a positive corona discharge field is set in the first electric field, and a negative corona discharge field is set in the second electric field.

In order to attain an efficient decomposition process by water plasma, a decomposition processor includes a water plasma generator which is configured to inject water plasma, from the injection port, by arc discharge generated between negative and positive electrodes; and a supply device configured to supply a decomposition target object to a water plasma jet stream injected from the water plasma generator, wherein the decomposition target object is decomposed by the water plasma. The supply device has a nozzle for providing the decomposition target object from a tip, and the negative electrode, the injection port, the positive electrode and the nozzle are arranged in that order along the center axis line of the injection port. The tip of the nozzle is placed inside of the water plasma jet stream.