An object is to provide a light irradiation apparatus irradiating a light to a sample in a reaction vessel while stirring the sample more efficiently. A rotating stage can rotate around a first axis that is a central axis thereof. A holding mechanism holds reaction vessels whose longitudinal directions are a direction of the central axis on a circumference around the first axis on the rotating stage at equal intervals. Rotation mechanisms hold bottoms of the reaction vessels and rotate the reaction vessels around second axes that are central axes of the reaction vessels, respectively. A light irradiation mechanism is disposed on the rotating stage and irradiates a light emitted from at least one light emitting diode to the reaction vessels from a predetermined direction.

A method of synthesizing TiO.sub.2/Co.sub.3O.sub.4 core-shell photocatalysts is provided. The method includes preparing SiO.sub.2 hollow nanospheres via sol-gel synthesis in the presence of a triblock copolymer surfactant and a cationic surfactant; adding titanium sec-butoxide to a solution containing the SiO.sub.2 hollow nanospheres to provide a first combined sample; calcinating the first combined sample to provide hollow mesoporous TiO.sub.2 nanospheres; adding cobalt nitrate to a solution comprising the hollow mesoporous TiO.sub.2 nanospheres to provide a second combined sample; and calcinating the second combined sample to provide TiO.sub.2/Co.sub.3O.sub.4 core-shell photocatalysts. Methods of producing hydrogen by water-splitting using TiO.sub.2/Co.sub.3O.sub.4 core-shell photocatalysts are also provided. Such methods include photodepositing platinum onto the photocatalysts during the reaction.

The present invention relates to methods and devices for providing microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation of an environment. The methods generally comprise: generating a Purified Hydrogen Peroxide Gas (PHPG) that is substantially free of, e.g., hydration, ozone, plasma species, and/or organic species; and directing the gas comprising primarily PHPG into the environment such that the PHPG acts to provide microbial control and/or disinfection/remediation in the environment, preferably both on surfaces and in the air.

Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods, processes, and systems for safely and reliably purifying hydrogen from a gas mixture containing hydrogen and oxygen.

The method for low temperature microencapsulation of phase change materials or other components includes the following steps: (a) preparing a phase change emulsion including droplets of at least one active phase-change material in water with a surfactant; (b) adding a monomer of at least one encapsulating agent; (c) introducing the phase change emulsion into a UV reactor while stirring the emulsion; and (d) initiating the photo polymerization of monomers using at least one UV lamp inside the UV reactor for photo polymerization until the phase change material is encapsulated within a polymeric shell to form microcapsules. The microcapsules obtained by this process may have a diameter between about 0.5 to about 2 m. Other sizes can also be obtained by changing stirring speed of the emulsion.

The present invention provides an improved process for the preparation of Dalteparin sodium. The process is simple, commercially viable and industrially advantageous.

The invention relates to a use of a fluorination gas, and the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in a high concentration, for example, in a concentration of elemental fluorine (F.sub.2), especially of equal to much higher than 15% or even 20% by volume, and to a process for the manufacture of a fluorinated benzene derivative starting from benzoic acid derivative by direct fluorination employing a fluorination gas, wherein the elemental fluorine (F.sub.2) is preferably present in a high concentration, and subsequent decarboxylation of the benzoic acid hypofluorite derivative obtained by direct fluorination. The process of the invention is also directed to the manufacture of a benzoic acid hypofluorite derivative by direct fluorination of benzoic acid derivative. Especially the invention is of interest in the preparation of fluorinated benzene derivative, final products and as well intermediates, for usage in agro-, pharma-, electronics-, catalyst, solvent and other functional chemical applications.

The present disclosure is directed to a low temperature method of preparing graphene. The method comprises applying a graphene oxide to a substrate and treating the graphene oxide on the substrate using photoreduction to reduce and stitch the graphene oxide to graphene. The present disclosure is also directed to graphene produced according to the aforementioned method.

Embodiments described herein relate generally to continuous flow photoreactors with easily replaceable and adjustable components. The photoreactor includes a reactor flow system, a lighting system, and a temperature control system. The reactor flow system includes a reactor inlet port, a reactor outlet port, and a length of reactor tubing fluidically coupled to the reactor inlet port and reactor outlet port. The lighting system includes a light emitting apparatus (e.g., a plurality of LEDs) configured to emit light in a defined wavelength range toward the length of reactor tubing. The temperature control system includes an inlet port, an outlet port, and a length of temperature control tubing fluidically coupled to the inlet port and the outlet port. In some embodiments, the temperature control system can be configured to circulate a fluid to cool the lighting system.

Structures of a particle containing a core and at least one shell, a metal oxide material of which is necessarily doped to ensure protection of a material of the core from photodegradation. The core can include any of a thermochromic material, a phase-change material, and a judiciously defined auxiliary material that in turn contains organic and/or polymeric material. Derivative products utilizing a plurality of such particles. Methodologies for producing such particles and derivative products.