A radio frequency (RF) hydrocarbon resource upgrading device may include a first hydrocarbon resource upgrading path that may include a plurality of first RF power applicator stages coupled in series. Each first RF power stage is configured to apply RF power to upgrade a hydrocarbon resource passing therethrough. The RF hydrocarbon resource upgrading device may also include a second hydrocarbon resource upgrading path that may include at least one second RF power applicator stage coupled in parallel with at least one of the first RF power applicator stages. The second RF power applicator stage is configured to apply RF power to upgrade the hydrocarbon resource passing therethrough.

Provided are a three-phase AC/DC converter disposed between a three-phase AC power supply and a light emitting diode group, the converter including a three-phase full bridge circuit in which pairs of switching elements are connected in parallel between DC buses for the three phases of the three-phase AC power supply; reactors connecting connection portions between the switching elements and corresponding phases of the three-phase AC power supply; a smoothing capacitor on the output side of the three-phase full bridge circuit; a DC voltage detection means; a power supply voltage phase detection means; and a pulse width modulation means for outputting pulse width modulation signals of the switching elements, wherein the pulse width modulation means outputs the pulse width modulation signals based on a power supply voltage phase and an output voltage between the DC buses.

Described herein are systems incorporating a Casimir cavity, such as an optical Casimir cavity or a plasmon Casimir cavity. The Casimir cavity modifies the zero-point energy density therein as compared to outside of the Casimir cavity. The Casimir cavities are paired in the disclosed systems with product generating devices and the difference in zero-point energy densities is used to directly drive the generation of products, such as chemical reaction products or emitted light.

Supported chromium catalysts with an average valence less than +6 and having a hydrocarbon-containing or halogenated hydrocarbon-containing ligand attached to at least one bonding site on the chromium are disclosed, as well as ethylene-based polymers with terminal alkane, aromatic, or halogenated hydrocarbon chain ends. Another ethylene polymer characterized by at least 2 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 g/mol and at least 1.5 wt. % of the polymer having a molecular weight less than 1000 g/mol is provided, as well as an ethylene homopolymer with at least 3.5 methyl short chain branches and less than 0.6 butyl short chain branches per 1000 total carbon atoms.

The present disclosure relates to methods of combining chemical enhancement and physical enhancement to produce a combined synergistic total enhancement, and more specifically to methods of irradiating samples containing nanomaterials capable of producing chemical or physical enhancement to produce combined synergistic total enhancement.

InGaN offers a route to high efficiency overall water splitting under one-step photo-excitation. Further, the chemical stability of metal-nitrides supports their use as an alternative photocatalyst. However, the efficiency of overall water splitting using InGaN and other visible light responsive photocatalysts has remained extremely low despite prior art work addressing optical absorption through band gap engineering. Within this prior art the detrimental effects of unbalanced charge carrier extraction/collection on the efficiency of the four electron-hole water splitting reaction have remained largely unaddressed. To address this growth processes are presented that allow for controlled adjustment and establishment of the appropriate Fermi level and/or band bending in order to allow the photochemical water splitting to proceed at high rate and high efficiency. Beneficially, establishing such material surface charge properties also reduces photo-corrosion and instability under harsh photocatalysis conditions.

Provided is a method for industrially producing 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene. The production method according to the present invention comprises: (1) a step for introducing 5-methyl-1-benzothiophene, a brominating agent, and a solvent into a reactor; (2) a step for emitting light having a wavelength range of 200-780 nm inside the reactor; and (3) a step for recovering 5-(bromomethyl)-1-benzothiophene from the reactor.

A device and method are provided for manipulating petroleum, non-conventional oil and other viscous complex fluids made of hydrocarbons that comprise enforcement of fluid in a multi-stage flow-through hydrodynamic cavitational reactor, subjecting said fluids to a controlled cavitation and continuing the application of such cavitation for a period of time sufficient for obtaining desired changes in physical properties and/or chemical composition and generating the upgraded products. The method includes alteration of chemical bonds, induction of interactions of components, changes in composition, heterogeneity and rheological characteristics in order to facilitate handling, improve yields of distillate fuels and optimize other properties.

Isolated polypeptides are disclosed comprising an amino acid sequence encoding a monomer of a fibrous polypeptide attached to a heterologous polysaccharide binding domain. Composites comprising same, methods of generating same and uses thereof are all disclosed.

Provided herein are systems containing a solar reactor having a mixture of plasmonic material and oxygen-conducting material that can convert carbon dioxide into a chemical feedstock.