An apparatus for carrying out endothermic reactions including a plurality of catalytic vessels, immersed in a combustion chamber having a contiguous overlaid convection chamber enclosing a top portion of the catalytic vessels wherein heat is recovered at a lower temperature level from the flue gases from the combustion chamber. The catalytic vessels may contain internal and coaxial heat recovery tubes creating an annular space filled in with a catalytic device. Both the external heat recovery through the catalyst tube outer surface and the internal heat recovery through the inner tube surface can be maximized by an enhanced catalytic device acting also as a heat transfer promoter in the process gas region. The apparatus provides enhanced and flexible heat recovery that permits to meet the request of minimum or none export steam production in one single apparatus, avoiding the need of a pre-reforming section and/or of a convective reformer downstream.

A tower packing element (100), a tower packing (300), a packing tower, and a mixer comprising the tower packing element (100) are provided. The tower packing element (100) are manufactured by a deformed plate and comprises a plurality of strip assemblies (10) arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tower packing element (100) and a connecting plate portion (20) connected between adjacent strip assemblies (10). Each of the strip assemblies (10) defines a central passage (30) therein, and the central passage (30) is extended in a lateral direction of the tower packing element (100). The connecting plate portion (20) is extended along the lateral direction of the tower packing element (100). The adjacent strip assemblies (10) and the connecting plate portion (20) connected therebetween define a side passage (40) parallel to the central passage (30).

A tower packing element (100), a tower packing (300), a packing tower, and a mixer comprising the tower packing element (100) are provided. The tower packing element (100) are manufactured by a deformed plate and comprises a plurality of strip assemblies (10) arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tower packing element (100) and a connecting plate portion (20) connected between adjacent strip assemblies (10). Each of the strip assemblies (10) defines a central passage (30) therein, and the central passage (30) is extended in a lateral direction of the tower packing element (100). The connecting plate portion (20) is extended along the lateral direction of the tower packing element (100). The adjacent strip assemblies (10) and the connecting plate portion (20) connected therebetween define a side passage (40) parallel to the central passage (30).

A heat conducting insert for a reactor includes an elongated center portion, a cross member extending outwardly from the center portion and an outer portion extending laterally from a distal end of the cross member. A reactor includes a shell and an insert in the shell. The insert includes an elongated center portion, a cross member extending outwardly from the center portion, and an outer portion extending laterally from a distal end of the cross member.

A sparging evaporator for an inerting system including an outer vessel, an inner vessel within the outer vessel, and a plenum formed between the inner and outer vessels. The outer vessel includes a gas inlet for receiving inlet gas into the plenum, and a liquid inlet for receiving liquid fuel into the plenum. The inlet gas in the plenum generates a gas pressure that is exerted against a free surface of the liquid fuel in the plenum thereby forcing the liquid fuel and the inlet gas through an inlet of the inner vessel. The inner vessel contains a lattice structure that promotes liberation of fuel vapor from the liquid fuel and enables the inlet gas in the liquid fuel to sparge the fuel vapor in the liquid fuel, thereby forming a fuel-enriched gas mixture that can be fed to a reactor of the inerting system.

A tower packing element, a tower packing, a packing tower, and a mixer comprising the tower packing element are provided. The tower packing element are manufactured by a deformed plate and comprises a plurality of strip assemblies arranged along a longitudinal direction of the tower packing element and a connecting plate portion connected between adjacent strip assemblies. Each of the strip assemblies defines a central passage therein, and the central passage is extended in a lateral direction of the tower packing element. The connecting plate portion is extended along the lateral direction of the tower packing element. The adjacent strip assemblies and the connecting plate portion connected therebetween define a side passage parallel to the central passage.

A catalyst arrangement disposed within a vertical reaction tube includes a structured catalyst within an upper part of the reaction tube, a particulate catalyst beneath the structured catalyst in a lower part of the reaction tube, and a catalyst support device located between the structured catalyst and the particulate catalyst, wherein the catalyst support device includes a cylindrical body having a first end adapted for connection to the structured catalyst, and a second end, and the cylindrical body has a diameter 70-90% of the internal diameter of the tube and a length/diameter in the range 0.5-2.5.

The present invention relates to high efficient tubular catalytic steam reforming reactor configured from about 0.2 inch to about 2 inch inside diameter high temperature metal alloy tube or pipe and loaded with a plurality of rolled catalyst inserts comprising metallic monoliths. The catalyst insert substrate is formed from a single metal foil without a central supporting structure in the form of a spiral monolith. The single metal foil is treated to have 3-dimensional surface features that provide mechanical support and establish open gas channels between each of the rolled layers. This unique geometry accelerates gas mixing and heat transfer and provides a high catalytic active surface area. The small diameter, high aspect ratio tubular catalytic steam reforming reactors loaded with rolled catalyst inserts can be arranged in a multi-pass non-vertical parallel configuration thermally coupled with a heat source to carry out steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feeds. The rolled catalyst inserts are self-supported on the reactor wall and enable efficient heat transfer from the reactor wall to the reactor interior, and lower pressure drop than known particulate catalysts. The heat source can be oxygen transport membrane reactors.

A packing for gas separation from a liquid absorbent includes a body having a corrugated surface or surface sub-texture adapted to create local turbulence within a liquid absorbent with which the body has been wetted. The body may also has a corrugated profile wherein the surface sub-texture comprises a plurality of individual scallops and the corrugated profile comprises a plurality of individual furrow with between about 2 and about 50 individual scallops per furrow. The packing is useful in a method for gas separation from a liquid absorbent.

A structured packing module for a gas phase reactor has a structured packing with a central axis extending along a longitudinal direction, and may further include an inner tube extending coaxially with the structured packing and along the longitudinal direction. The structured packing includes a plurality of corrugated sheets, each arranged circumferentially around the central axis and having a first end and a second end spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction. The corrugated sheets are arranged to radially overlap with each other such that corrugations of adjacently disposed corrugated sheets are arranged in a crisscross relationship. The structured packing module includes a gas flow path comprising at least one inter-sheet gas flow path defined between the adjacently disposed corrugated sheets.