The invention relates to methods for synthesizing an engineered adsorbent suitable for the selective extraction of lithium from brine solutions. The invention describes the advantages of introducing mixed metal oxides into the crystal lattice of anatase titania precursor. The invention offers significant advantages, including high adsorption capacity of the ion sieve, enhanced chemical stability of the sorbent, and higher lithium selectivity.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may include the synthesis of a doped sorbent spinel material, suitable for cost-effective and industrial-scale extraction of a metal from a metal-containing fluid. Embodiments of the present disclosure further include preparing a doped precursor blend followed by calcining the doped precursor blend for optimal duration and temperature to obtain a mass of intermediate-state sorbents having constituents synthesized at desired percentages. Some embodiments may also include cooling and milling the product obtained. The doped intermediate-state sorbents include desired proportions of Mn.sub.3O.sub.4, Mn.sub.2O.sub.3, and lithium manganese oxide (LMO). In some embodiments, the doped LMO may be activated with an acid treatment. Doped LMOs obtained by the method of the present disclosure result in an enhanced loading capacity compared to undoped LMOs formed under similar temperatures and durations.

A method of making a nanocomposite is provided. The method includes dispersing nanocellulose and nano-bentonite in water and mixing to form a mixture. The method includes drying by heating the mixture at a temperature of at least 40 C. to form a dry mixture. The method further includes mixing the dry mixture with an alkylamine to form a nanocomposite composition. The method includes heating the nanocomposite composition at a temperature of at least 100 C. to form a paste. The method includes drying and milling the paste to form the nanocomposite. The nanocellulose is prepared from date-palm tree leaflets. The nano-bentonite is prepared from Saudi Arabia bentonite clay from the Khulays Mine. A method of treating water with the nanocomposite prepared by the method of the present disclosure is also provided.

A modified natural sulfide ore material, a preparation method, and a use thereof are disclosed. A natural sulfide ore and a copper salt are used as raw materials. The natural sulfide ore is modified through mechanical grinding for activation, drying, and the like to synthesize a sulfide ore composite. The copper salt is subjected to a reaction to increase metal sites, produce fine microcrystalline particles, and change the crystal structure, such that active sites can be fully exposed. When contacting mercury in a gas phase and/or a liquid phase, the modified natural sulfide ore material can convert the mercury into a stable compound to realize the immobilization and removal of the mercury, which has advantages such as large mercury adsorption capacity, high adsorption rate, wide application temperature range, low cost, abundant raw material reserves, simple operation, and environmentally-friendly mercury removal products without secondary pollution and shows promising industrial application prospects.

A Co.sub.2O.sub.3Bi.sub.2O.sub.3@SiO.sub.2 nanocomposite material includes Co.sub.2O.sub.3Bi.sub.2O.sub.3@SiO.sub.2 nanocomposite particles having a granular morphology with an average diameter in a range from 10 to 30 nanometers (nm). The Co.sub.2O.sub.3Bi.sub.2O.sub.3@SiO.sub.2 nanocomposite material has a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of greater than or equal to 70 square meters per gram (m.sup.2.Math.g.sup.1). The Co.sub.2O.sub.3Bi.sub.2O.sub.3@SiO.sub.2 nanocomposite material has an adsorption capacity for ciproflaxin of greater than or equal to 70 milligrams per gram (mg.Math.g.sup.1).

A method of making a nanocomposite is provided. The method includes dispersing nanocellulose and nano-bentonite in water and mixing to form a mixture. The method includes drying by heating the mixture at a temperature of at least 40 C. to form a dry mixture. The method further includes mixing the dry mixture with an alkylamine to form a nanocomposite composition. The method includes heating the nanocomposite composition at a temperature of at least 100 C. to form a paste. The method includes drying and milling the paste to form the nanocomposite. The nanocellulose is prepared from date-palm tree leaflets. The nano-bentonite is prepared from Saudi Arabia bentonite clay from the Khulays Mine. A method of treating water with the nanocomposite prepared by the method of the present disclosure is also provided.

A method of making a nanocomposite is provided. The method includes dispersing nanocellulose and nano-bentonite in water and mixing to form a mixture. The method includes drying by heating the mixture at a temperature of at least 40 C. to form a dry mixture. The method further includes mixing the dry mixture with an alkylamine to form a nanocomposite composition. The method includes heating the nanocomposite composition at a temperature of at least 100 C. to form a paste. The method includes drying and milling the paste to form the nanocomposite. The nanocellulose is prepared from date-palm tree leaflets. The nano-bentonite is prepared from Saudi Arabia bentonite clay from the Khulays Mine. A method of treating water with the nanocomposite prepared by the method of the present disclosure is also provided.

Methods for purifying biological macromolecules are provided. Aspects of the subject methods include contacting the biological macromolecule with an exemplary hydroxamate affinity tag to produce a tagged moiety followed by purification of the tagged moiety by immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). Also provided are kits comprising an exemplary subject hydroxamate affinity tag, an IMAC resin and a metal ion configured for loading onto the resin, wherein the metal ion is capable of binding to a compound containing the hydroxamate affinity tag.

The present disclosure provides improved compositions and methods for creating robust lithium zirconate-based solid-state compositions with enhanced mechanical properties and CO.sub.2 separation performance. These compositions address the longstanding challenges of poor cohesion, dimensional instability, and durability that have limited the practical implementation of lithium zirconate in industrial CO.sub.2 separation processes. By enabling the practical use of high-temperature CO.sub.2 separation compositions, the present disclosure contributes to the technical field of carbon capture and climate change mitigation.

A method for removing hydrogen sulfide (H.sub.2S) from a H.sub.2S-containing gas composition, including charging an aqueous media to a reactor under continuous agitation, dispersing particles of a composite in the aqueous media to form a composite mixture, continuously agitating the composite mixture, introducing the H.sub.2S-containing gas composition to the reactor containing the composite mixture under continuous agitation and passing the H.sub.2S-containing gas composition through the composite mixture, and adsorbing and removing H.sub.2S from the gas composition by the composite mixture to form a purified gas composition. The composite contains a CuMnAl layered triple hydroxide (LTH) and zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanoparticles. The ZIF-67 nanoparticles are dispersed between layers of the CuMnAl LTH.