The invention provides for methods, devices, and systems for pyrolyzing biomass. A pyrolysis unit can be used for the pyrolysis of biomass to form gas, liquid, and solid products. The biomass materials can be selected such that an enhanced biochar is formed after pyrolysis. The biomass can be pyrolyzed under specified conditions such that a selected biochar core is formed. The pyrolysis process can form a stable biochar core that is inert and/or resistant to degradation. The biochar or biochar core can be functionalized to form a functionalized biochar or functionalized biochar core. Functionalization can include post-pyrolysis treatments such as supplementation with microbes or physical transformations including annealing and/or activation.

Sorbent materials contain carbonaceous material that has been activated to form a precursor activated carbon have been subjected to a pretreatment with an acid or a base followed optionally by thermal oxidation are useful for treating water. The sorbent material is made by contacting the precursor activated carbon with a nitrogen source and a metal source, and optionally by thermally oxidizing the precursor activated carbon. The resulting doped precursor activated is also calcined.

A thermal management system includes a sublimator that has a porous plate, a water feed line connected with the sublimator for delivering feed water to the porous plate, and an adsorbent bed in the water feed line. The sublimator is operable to freeze and sublime the feed water using the porous plate. The adsorbent bed is configured to substantially remove organic compounds from the feed water.

A detoxification method for treating sepsis, microbial infections, and other inflammatory conditions includes the steps of inducing flow of patient blood through a blood treatment device consisting of a bioreactor inlet and outlet in fluid connection to the circulatory system of a patient. Biological agents including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contained within patient blood can be irreversibly detoxified by passage of patient blood over a bioreactor surface having attached or immobilized alkaline phosphatase enzymes and acyloxyacyl hydrolase enzyme, with the bioreactor being contained within the blood treatment device. The method uses continuous treatment of a patient's blood to convert LPS and extracellular ATP in blood into inhibitors of inflammation in vivo without adding any chemicals to the bloodstream of the patient.

The invention is related to a process for preparation of a molding composition, the process comprising a.sub.1) preparing a mixture, the mixture comprising an at least bidentate organic compound or a salt thereof, a metal salt and a solvent, wherein the solvent comprises 25% to 60% by volume of an alcohol, selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and isopropanol, and 40% to 75% by volume of water, and a.sub.2) producing the molding composition, the molding composition comprising at least a metal-organic framework material and the solvent, wherein the at least bidentate organic compound or a salt thereof and the metal salt react to the metal-organic framework material. The invention is further related to a process for production of shaped bodies.

Method for the production of amine functionalized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres, preferably for direct air capture, wherein pristine polyacrylonitrile fibres are added to a solution of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) at a concentration of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) or pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) of at least 80% v/v, and wherein the mixture is kept, preferably stirred, at a temperature in the range of 120-160? C. for a time span of at least 4 hours, as well as uses of corresponding fibres.

Superabsorbent polymer material comprising cross-linked polyacrylic acid and salts thereof. The superabsorbent polymer material further comprising at least 3.0 weight-%, based on the total weight of the superabsorbent polymer material, of soluble polyacrylic acid polymers. A method for making such superabsorbent polymer materials is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to an average-density-adjustable structure and more specifically provides a structure the average density of which is adjusted by changing the material of the structure and the size of a void formed therein and which can thereby float on the surface of or in a liquid and can easily bond with or change a material present in a gas or liquid by being equipped with a first material, which is one among an organic catalyst, an inorganic catalyst, a microorganism, and a biomolecule.

Provided is a method for preparing a superabsorbent polymer which realizes excellent drying efficiency by using a specific reducing agent compound selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, sodium metabisulfite, sodium benzoate, or a combination thereof, and sodium dodecyl sulfate in combination in the polymerization step, thereby improving absorption properties of the polymer.

Embodiments of templated polymeric materials capable of binding lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs) are disclosed. Methods of making and using the templated polymeric materials also are disclosed. The disclosed templated polymeric materials are molecularly imprinted polymers that bind LPAs and facilitate the production of lysophosphatidic acid-enriched samples, for instance through extraction of lysophosphatidic acids from biological samples, such as plasma or serum samples.