A water absorption treatment material includes a core portion and a coating portion. The core portion is approximately circular column-shaped and has a side surface, a first bottom surface, and a second bottom surface. The coating portion is provided so as to cover the core portion. A region of 80% or more of the side surface of the core portion is covered by the coating portion. A region of 80% or more of the first bottom surface of the core portion is exposed without being covered by the coating portion.

A method for manufacturing coffee activated carbon includes performing a pretreatment process of manufacturing coffee grains using a binding mixture including coffee powder particles and a binder, performing a main treatment process of carbonizing and activating the coffee grains and manufacturing coffee activated carbon, and performing a post-treatment process of impregnating an impregnating agent including an amine group into the coffee activated carbon.

The present invention relates to a method for producing polymers that are suitable for absorbing and storing aqueous liquids, and to polymers that can be obtained by this method. This invention further related to the use of such polymers. The method comprises the following steps: i. crosslinking free-radical polymerization of a monomer composition M comprising a) at least one monomer A having an ethylenic double bond and at least one neutralizable acid group or a group hydrolyzable to a neutralizable acid group, b) optionally one or more comonomers B which are different than the monomers A and have one ethylenic double bond, and c) 0.05 to 10% by weight, based on the total amount of monomers A and B, of at least one crosslinker C, in the presence of at least one polysaccharide-comprising substance S, in an aqueous liquid, where the weight ratio of the monomer composition M to the substance S is in the range from 9:1 to 1:9; and ii. at least partial neutralization of the acid groups and/or hydrolysis of the groups hydrolyzable to neutralizable acid groups in the polymer obtained in step i.;
wherein the polymerization and/or the neutralization is performed in the presence of urea.

The present invention provides a method (100) for removal of metals from aqueous solutions comprising the steps of treating (102) the aqueous solutions with an adsorbent, allowing (104) the aqueous solutions and the adsorbent to be in contact for a predetermined time to obtain treated aqueous solutions, collecting (106) the treated aqueous solutions, filtering (108) the treated aqueous solutions and discharging (110) the filtered aqueous solutions. The adsorbent comprising plurality of natural biomaterials. Further, the plurality of natural biomaterials are capable of adsorbing the metals from the aqueous solutions.

[Object] To provide an adsorbent, an adsorbent sheet, and a carbon/polymer composite for adsorbing a virus having further improved virus adsorption capability.

[Solving Means] An adsorbent for adsorbing a virus according to the present invention has a specific surface area value as measured by the nitrogen BET method of 10 m.sup.2/g or more and a pore volume as measured by the BJH method of 0.1 cm.sup.3/g or more. An adsorbent sheet for adsorbing a virus according to the present invention includes a porous carbonaceous material having a specific surface area value as measured by the nitrogen BET method of 10 m.sup.2/g or more and a pore volume as measured by the BJH method of 0.1 cm.sup.3/g or more. A carbon/polymer composite for adsorbing a virus according to the present invention includes a porous carbonaceous material having a specific surface area value as measured by the nitrogen BET method of 10 m.sup.2/g or more and a pore volume as measured by the BJH method of 0.1 cm.sup.3/g or more; and a binder.

A sub-aqueous capping material comprising a plurality of compacted particles of a reactive solid material having a dispersion aid homogeneously blended therein, the compacted particles having a specific gravity greater than 1.0, a particle size in the range of about 1/16 inch to about 1 inch, and having a time for disintegration, once in contact with water, of 5 hours or less.

A functionalized asphaltene, obtained by refluxing with an acid solution. The functionalized asphaltene contains elevated levels of oxygen content due to nitration and oxidation of the refluxing process. The refluxing process also imparts organic functional groups including at least amines, nitro groups carbonyl groups, carboxylic groups and hydroxyl groups to the functionalized asphaltene, and these functional groups are attached to, thereby coating the surface of a functionalized asphaltene particle. A method for removing dye compounds from an aqueous sample with the functionalized asphaltene is also described.

A method of recycling a degraded solid sorbent includes: washing the degraded solid sorbent containing a metal-organic framework material, an amine grafted to the metal-organic framework material and a binder, with a non-solvent to remove the amine from the degraded sorbent, thereby obtaining a washed sorbent comprising the metal-organic framework material and the binder; converting the washed sorbent to a remodified sorbent containing a second metal-organic framework material, and a second amine grafted to the second metal-organic framework material; and forming a recycled solid sorbent from the remodified sorbent by extrusion. Alternatively, the regenerated sorbent is formed by treating the degraded solid sorbent with an acid or base to break down the metal-organic framework material, thereby recovering an organic linker; reacting the recovered organic linker with a metal salt to form a second metal-organic framework material; and grafting a second amine to the second metal-organic framework material.

A method for preparing nickel-magnesium loaded biochar-based bifunctional material is provided. The method includes: carbonizing a waste biomass material and washing it in a sulfuric acid solution, followed by deionized water washing, suction filtration, and drying to obtain a carbonized biochar; adding Ni(NO.sub.3).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O and Mg(NO.sub.3).sub.2.Math.6H.sub.2O to deionized water and stirring uniformly to obtain a loading solution; weighing the carbonized biochar according to a nickel loading amount of 20%-50% and adding to the loading solution and stirring to obtain a mixed solution, transferring the mixed solution to an oil bath for drying until water is completely evaporated; transferring a solid material to a crucible and roasting in the muffle furnace at 550 C.-650 C. under the nitrogen atmosphere for 1.5 h-2.5 h to obtain the nickel-magnesium loaded biochar-based bifunctional material.