The present disclosure provides tri-orthoalkylphenyl phosphine catalysts that are tuned electrically and sterically. Method of using the catalyst for cross-coupling of unactivated secondary boronic acids with near-perfect levels of site- and stereoretention are also provided.

In one aspect, phosphine compounds comprising three adamantyl moieties (PAd.sub.3) and associated synthetic routes are described herein. Each adamantyl moiety may be the same or different. For example, each adamantyl moiety (Ad) attached to the phosphorus atom can be independently selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane and derivatives thereof. Transition metal complexes comprising PAd.sub.3 ligands are also provided for catalytic synthesis including catalytic cross-coupling reactions.

The invention relates to bismuth perfluoroalkylphosphinates as Lewis acid catalysts, the compounds, and processes for the preparation thereof.

Ar.sub.xBi[OP(O)(R.sub.f).sub.2].sub.3-x(Ia),

Ar.sub.3Bi[OP(O)(R.sub.f).sub.2].sub.2(Ib).

A method for producing an ?-olefin oligomer composition includes: an oligomerization step A1 of oligomerizing an ?-olefin with a metallocene catalyst to obtain an oligomer (a); a distillation separation step A2 of distilling and separating the oligomer (a) to obtain a high molecular weight fraction (a1) and a low molecular weight fraction (a2); an oligomerization step B1 of oligomerizing an ?-olefin oligomer containing the low molecular weight fraction (a2) with an acid catalyst to obtain an oligomer (b); and a mixing step C of mixing a portion of the oligomer (a) or a hydrogenated product thereof and a portion or a whole of the oligomer (b), an isomer thereof, or a hydrogenated isomer thereof.

Chemical processes are disclosed that act to both regenerate and create new catalyst for iron salt catalyzed Kharasch coupling reactions during the process of creating halogenated hydrocarbons. Such processes include loading a reactor with a quantity of Fe(0) metal such as iron wire, supplying CCl.sub.4 to the reactor, supplying a phosphate compound to the reactor, supplying an alkene to the reactor, and supplying a carbonyl of Fe(0) to the reactor.

The invention relates to Brnsted-acidic fluoroalkyl phosphonates as bifunctional catalysts and to processes for the preparation thereof.

The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of 2,6-di-tert-butyl phenol by reacting phenol with isobutylene in presence of an aluminum phenoxide catalyst, comprising i) preparing an aluminum phenoxide catalyst and phenol comprising mixture a) by mix-ing aluminum metal with phenol, and activating the catalyst by heating the mixture to a temperature of 100 to 180? C., and ii) carrying out a reaction b) by reacting mixture a) with an isobutylene comprising stream comprising 20 to 90% by weight of isobutylene and 10 to 80% by weight of 1-butene and/or 2-butene, which reaction is carried out under pressure and the maximum pressure is 5 to 20 bar.

Disclosed herein is a simple process for functionalization/grafting of carbon microspheres obtained from bagasse with various active functional groups onto it and use of the same as catalyst for various organic reactions, having very high selectivity and conversion rate.

Disclosed herein is a simple process for functionalization/grafting of carbon microspheres obtained from bagasse with various active functional groups onto it and use of the same as catalyst for various organic reactions, having very high selectivity and conversion rate.

An integrated system comprising: a. an additive delivery system comprising a transfer drum that feeds an immiscible liquid stream towards one or more injection quills; b. a solvent flushing system, comprising one or more additive addition lines that transfer the immiscible liquid stream from the additive delivery system; and c. an additive injection and mixing system comprising the one or more injection quills, wherein the immiscible liquid stream is injected into a larger liquid stream. Also, a process comprising: a. feeding the immiscible liquid stream to a transfer drum; b. transferring the immiscible liquid stream from the transfer drum to injection quills in a solvent flushing system, wherein the solvent flushing system injects a solvent into one or more additive addition lines in the solvent flushing system; and c. injecting the immiscible liquid stream into the larger liquid stream in an additive injection and mixing system comprising injection quills.