In one embodiment, the present application discloses mixtures comprising (a) water in an amount of at least 1% wt/wt of the mixture; (b) a transition metal catalyst; and (c) one or more solubilizing agents; and methods for using such mixtures for performing transition metal mediated bond formation reactions.

The present invention describes chemical systems and methods for silylating heteroaromatic organic substrates using at least alkoxide base, preferably a potassium alkoxide base and at least one organodisilane and (b) at least one alkoxide base. Both methods and compositions for affecting these transformations are disclosed.

The present invention describes chemical systems and methods for silylating heteroaromatic organic substrates, said system consisting essentially of a mixture of (a) at least one organodisilane and (b) at least alkoxide base, preferably a potassium alkoxide base, and said methods comprising contacting a quantity of the organic substrate with a mixture consisting essentially of (a) at least one organodisilane and (b) at least one alkoxide base, preferably a potassium alkoxide, under conditions sufficient to silylate the heteroaromatic substrate.

There are provided a compound capable of being a novel ligand allowing regioselective borylation to be performed in the aromatic borylation reaction, and a catalyst using the same compound. There is provided a bipyridyl compound represented by a general formula (1): (wherein A represents a single bond, a vinylene group or an ethynylene group;

X represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;

n pieces of R.sup.1 may be the same or different, and R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, an optionally substituted aryloxy group, an optionally substituted amino group, a cyano group, a nitro group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group, or two adjacent R.sup.1 may form a saturated or unsaturated ring structure optionally containing a hetero atom together with the carbon atoms bonded to the two R.sup.1;

R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group, an optionally substituted alkoxy group, or an optionally substituted aryloxy group; and

n represents a number of 1 to 4).

##STR00001##

A method of preparing catalyst particles (the preparation method) is disclosed. The preparation method comprises combining a Ru(0) complex and a carrier fluid to form a mixture and heating the mixture at an elevated temperature to nucleate the Ru(0) complex and give the catalyst particles in the carrier fluid. The preparation method optionally comprises isolating the catalyst particles from the carrier fluid. A method of preparing an organosilicon compound via dehydrogenative silylation with the catalyst particles (the synthesis method) is also disclosed. The synthesis method comprises reacting (A) an organohydridochlorosilane compound and (B) an alkene compound in the presence of (C) a catalyst, thereby preparing the organosilicon compound. The catalyst (C) of the synthesis method comprises the catalyst particles prepared by the preparation method.

This invention provides a catalytic process wherein alternating current is used for catalytic coupling (such as CC, CN, CO, CS, CP, CSi and/or CB couplings) using a transition-metal catalysis.

The present invention discloses a diphenylamine-linked chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand without C.sub.2-symmetry of formula 3 and its synthesis method and application in an asymmetric catalytic reaction, wherein C.sub.2-symmetry is lost by introducing different groups into the diphenylamine backbone to realize precise control of electronic effect of the ligand backbone. An anthranilic acid derivative and an orthochlorobenzoic acid derivative are used as starting materials to prepare a compound of formula 1, and then the compound of formula 1 is reacted with a chiral amino alcohol compound to prepare a -bishydroxy amide compound of formula 2, and the compound of formula 2 is further subjected to condensation to obtain the diphenylamine-linked chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand without C.sub.2-symmetry of formula 3. The present invention also provides an application of a catalyst formed by coordination of the diphenylamine-linked chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand without C.sub.2-symmetry with copper salt, zinc salt, nickel salt, iron salt or rhodium salt, in an asymmetric catalytic reaction. ##STR00001##