A nitrous oxide (N.sub.2O) removal catalyst composite is provided, comprising a N.sub.2O removal catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a rhodium (Rh) component supported on a ceria-based support, wherein the catalyst composite has a H.sub.2-consumption peak of about 100° C. or less as measured by hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H.sub.2-TPR). Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

Disclosed is a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the following steps: preheating a mixture of 1,1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane together with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and simultaneously introducing into a first reactor to react in the presence of a catalyst La.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a first reactor product; directly introducing the first reactor product into a second reactor without separation, and carrying out a catalytic fluorination reaction in the presence of a catalyst Ga.sub.2O.sub.3—Y.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a second reactor product; and separating the second reactor product to obtain the products of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The invention has such advantages that the process is simple and less equipment investment is required; used catalysts have good activity, high selectivity and long total life; and the ratio of the two products can be flexibly adjusted according to market demands.

Disclosed is a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the following steps: preheating a mixture of 1,1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane together with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and simultaneously introducing into a first reactor to react in the presence of a catalyst La.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a first reactor product; directly introducing the first reactor product into a second reactor without separation, and carrying out a catalytic fluorination reaction in the presence of a catalyst Ga.sub.2O.sub.3—Y.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a second reactor product; and separating the second reactor product to obtain the products of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The invention has such advantages that the process is simple and less equipment investment is required; used catalysts have good activity, high selectivity and long total life; and the ratio of the two products can be flexibly adjusted according to market demands.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions containing a mixed oxide catalyst of formula (I) or formula (II) as described herein, their preparation, and their use in a process for ammoxidation of various organic compounds to their corresponding nitriles and to the selective catalytic oxidation of excess NH.sub.3 present in effluent gas streams to N.sub.2 and/or NO.sub.x.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions containing a mixed oxide catalyst of formula (I) or formula (II) as described herein, their preparation, and their use in a process for ammoxidation of various organic compounds to their corresponding nitriles and to the selective catalytic oxidation of excess NH.sub.3 present in effluent gas streams to N.sub.2 and/or NO.sub.x.

Provided herein are structured catalysts, methods of making structured catalysts, and methods of using structured catalysts for pre-reforming of hydrocarbons. The structured catalysts contain a structured catalyst substrate, a first coating containing cerium-gadolinium oxide; and a second coating containing nickel and cerium-gadolinium oxide.

Provided herein are structured catalysts, methods of making structured catalysts, and methods of using structured catalysts for pre-reforming of hydrocarbons. The structured catalysts contain a structured catalyst substrate, a first coating containing cerium-gadolinium oxide; and a second coating containing nickel and cerium-gadolinium oxide.

Disclosed is a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the following steps: preheating a mixture of 1,1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane together with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and simultaneously introducing into a first reactor to react in the presence of a catalyst La.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a first reactor product; directly introducing the first reactor product into a second reactor without separation, and carrying out a catalytic fluorination reaction in the presence of a catalyst Ga.sub.2O.sub.3—Y.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a second reactor product; and separating the second reactor product to obtain the products of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The invention has such advantages that the process is simple and less equipment investment is required; used catalysts have good activity, high selectivity and long total life; and the ratio of the two products can be flexibly adjusted according to market demands.

Disclosed is a method for co-producing 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising the following steps: preheating a mixture of 1,1,1,2,2-pentachloropropane and 1,1,1,3,3-pentachloropropane together with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and simultaneously introducing into a first reactor to react in the presence of a catalyst La.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a first reactor product; directly introducing the first reactor product into a second reactor without separation, and carrying out a catalytic fluorination reaction in the presence of a catalyst Ga.sub.2O.sub.3—Y.sub.2O.sub.3—Cr.sub.2O.sub.3 to obtain a second reactor product; and separating the second reactor product to obtain the products of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene. The invention has such advantages that the process is simple and less equipment investment is required; used catalysts have good activity, high selectivity and long total life; and the ratio of the two products can be flexibly adjusted according to market demands.

A method for producing a methane-rich gas from a heavy hydrocarbon feed, the method comprising the steps of introducing the heavy hydrocarbon stream to a catalytic reactor, the catalytic reactor comprising an activated catalyst, the activated catalyst comprising 20 wt % of nickel, 70 wt % of a cerium oxide component, and 10 wt % of a gadolinium oxide component; applying the heavy hydrocarbon stream to the activated catalyst; and producing the methane-rich gas over the activated catalyst, wherein the methane-rich gas is selected from the group consisting of methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and combinations of the same.