Supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalysts, methods of making the catalysts, and uses thereof are described. A supported OCM) catalyst can include a nonporous inert support having a high thermal conductivity and an OCM mixed metal oxide material in contact with surface of the nonporous inert support.

The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a support, at least one noble metal M, tin, phosphorus and ytterbium, the content of phosphorus element being greater than or equal to 0.2% by weight and less than 0.4% by weight, and the content of ytterbium being less than or equal to 1% by weight relative to the mass of the catalyst. The invention also relates to the process for preparing the catalyst and to the use thereof in reforming.

The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a support, at least one noble metal M, tin, phosphorus and ytterbium, the content of phosphorus element being greater than or equal to 0.2% by weight and less than 0.4% by weight, and the content of ytterbium being less than or equal to 1% by weight relative to the mass of the catalyst. The invention also relates to the process for preparing the catalyst and to the use thereof in reforming.

The invention relates to a catalyst composition, suitable for producing ethylene and other commercially high value C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons from methane. The composition contains a silver promoted mixed metal catalyst composition comprising at least two rare earth elements and an alkaline rare earth metal element. The catalyst composition has high catalyst activity and enables oxidative coupling of methane reactions to be conducted at a low reactor temperature while retaining sufficient catalyst selectivity. The invention further provides a method for preparing such a catalyst composition and a process for producing C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons, using such a catalyst composition.

The invention relates to a catalyst composition, suitable for producing ethylene and other commercially high value C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons from methane. The composition contains a silver promoted mixed metal catalyst composition comprising at least two rare earth elements and an alkaline rare earth metal element. The catalyst composition has high catalyst activity and enables oxidative coupling of methane reactions to be conducted at a low reactor temperature while retaining sufficient catalyst selectivity. The invention further provides a method for preparing such a catalyst composition and a process for producing C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons, using such a catalyst composition.

A supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst comprising a support and an OCM catalytic composition characterized by the general formula A.sub.aZ.sub.bE.sub.cD.sub.dO.sub.x; wherein A is an alkaline earth metal; wherein Z is a first rare earth element; wherein E is a second rare earth element; wherein D is a redox agent or a third rare earth element; wherein the first rare earth element, the second rare earth element, and the third rare earth element, when present, are not the same; wherein a is 1.0; wherein b is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein c is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein d is from about 0 to about 10.0; and wherein x balances the oxidation states.

A supported oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) catalyst comprising a support and an OCM catalytic composition characterized by the general formula A.sub.aZ.sub.bE.sub.cD.sub.dO.sub.x; wherein A is an alkaline earth metal; wherein Z is a first rare earth element; wherein E is a second rare earth element; wherein D is a redox agent or a third rare earth element; wherein the first rare earth element, the second rare earth element, and the third rare earth element, when present, are not the same; wherein a is 1.0; wherein b is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein c is from about 0.1 to about 10.0; wherein d is from about 0 to about 10.0; and wherein x balances the oxidation states.

A composite photocatalyst is provided. The composite photocatalyst includes a nanomotor and a plurality of cocatalysts, the nanomotor comprises a shell formed by porous material, at least one inner core formed by a photocatalyst, and a cavity between the shell and the at least one inner core, the plurality of cocatalysts are located in the cavity. The plurality of cocatalysts are selected from the group consisting of metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal sulfide nanoparticles, phosphate nanoparticles, up-conversion material nanoparticles, and any combination thereof. A method for making the composite photocatalyst and application thereof are further provided. The plurality of cocatalysts and the nanomotor forms a photocatalytic synergistic reaction system, improving photo-catalytic activity of the composite photocatalyst.

A composite photocatalyst is provided. The composite photocatalyst includes a nanomotor and a plurality of cocatalysts, the nanomotor comprises a shell formed by porous material, at least one inner core formed by a photocatalyst, and a cavity between the shell and the at least one inner core, the plurality of cocatalysts are located in the cavity. The plurality of cocatalysts are selected from the group consisting of metal nanoparticles, metal oxide nanoparticles, metal sulfide nanoparticles, phosphate nanoparticles, up-conversion material nanoparticles, and any combination thereof. A method for making the composite photocatalyst and application thereof are further provided. The plurality of cocatalysts and the nanomotor forms a photocatalytic synergistic reaction system, improving photo-catalytic activity of the composite photocatalyst.

Photoactive catalyst and methods of producing H.sub.2 by photocatalytic water splitting. The photoactive catalyst includes an upconverting material, a photocatalyst material, and plasmonic metal nanostructures deposited on the surface of the photocatalyst material. The upconverting material is not embedded in or coated by the photocatalyst material. The upconverting material is capable of emitting light at a first wavelength that has an energy equal to or higher than the band gap of the photocatalyst material and at a second wavelength that can be absorbed by the plasmonic metal nanostructures.