A method for dehydrogenation of one or more hydrocarbons and regeneration and reactivation of a catalyst composition includes contacting a first gaseous stream comprising a first hydrocarbon, such as propane, with a catalyst composition in a dehydrogenation reactor at a first temperature, thereby producing a first dehydrogenated hydrocarbon, such as propylene, and a deactivated catalyst composition; combusting at least one fuel gas and coke on the deactivated catalyst in the presence of oxygen at a second temperature, thereby producing a heated catalyst composition; and reactivating the catalyst in the presence of oxygen. The second temperature is from 50? C. to 200? C. greater than the first temperature. The catalyst composition is also described and comprises gallium, platinum and a further noble metal, such as palladium.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes, in order: a first layer that includes MA.sub.w; a second layer that includes MO.sub.yA.sub.z; and a third layer that includes MO.sub.x, where M includes a transition metal, A includes at least one of sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium, w is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, x is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, y is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, and z is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transition metal may include at least one of molybdenum and/or tungsten. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, A may be sulfur.

The present disclosure relates to a composition that includes, in order: a first layer that includes MA.sub.w; a second layer that includes MO.sub.yA.sub.z; and a third layer that includes MO.sub.x, where M includes a transition metal, A includes at least one of sulfur, selenium, and/or tellurium, w is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, x is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, y is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five, and z is between greater than zero and less than or equal to five. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the transition metal may include at least one of molybdenum and/or tungsten. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, A may be sulfur.

The ammonia synthesis catalyst of the present invention, comprises: a powder of a perovskite oxyhydride having hydride (H.sup.) incorporated therein as a support; and a metal or a metal compound exhibiting a catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis, supported on the support, and the perovskite oxyhydride is represented by ATiO.sub.3-xH.sub.x (wherein A represents Ca, Sr, or Ba, and 0.1x0.6).

The ammonia synthesis catalyst of the present invention, comprises: a powder of a perovskite oxyhydride having hydride (H.sup.) incorporated therein as a support; and a metal or a metal compound exhibiting a catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis, supported on the support, and the perovskite oxyhydride is represented by ATiO.sub.3-xH.sub.x (wherein A represents Ca, Sr, or Ba, and 0.1x0.6).

The catalyst for methane reformation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present application comprises: a porous metal support; a first coating layer provided on the porous metal support and comprising the perovskite-based compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a second coating layer provided on the first coating layer and comprising the perovskite-based compound represented by Chemical Formula 2:

SrTiO.sub.3[Chemical Formula 1]

Sr.sub.1-xA.sub.xTi.sub.B.sub.yO.sub.3-[Chemical Formula 2] wherein all the variables are described herein.

The present invention provides an additive composition having the general formula: A.sub.xB.sub.yC(.sub.1-y)D.sub.zO.sub.m wherein: A is one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Group IIA of the periodic table; B, C is one or more metal elements selected from the lanthanide group, series of the periodic table or Yttrium; D is one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Nickel or Ruthenium; x is a number defined by 0.5<x<4; y is a number defined by 0<=y<=1; z is a number defined by 2<z<6; m is a number which renders the catalyst substantially neutral. The present invention also provides a process for preparing the afore-mentioned additive composition. The present invention further provides mixed metal oxide catalysts comprising additive composition and its use in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

The present invention provides an additive composition having the general formula: A.sub.xB.sub.yC(.sub.1-y)D.sub.zO.sub.m wherein: A is one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Group IIA of the periodic table; B, C is one or more metal elements selected from the lanthanide group, series of the periodic table or Yttrium; D is one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Manganese, Cobalt, Copper, Nickel or Ruthenium; x is a number defined by 0.5<x<4; y is a number defined by 0<=y<=1; z is a number defined by 2<z<6; m is a number which renders the catalyst substantially neutral. The present invention also provides a process for preparing the afore-mentioned additive composition. The present invention further provides mixed metal oxide catalysts comprising additive composition and its use in hydrocarbon conversion processes.

A process for vapor-phase carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate, whereby a feed gas containing methanol, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and oxygen is passed through a reactor loaded with a supported nano-scaled platinum group metal heterogeneous catalyst to produce methyl formate by a vapor-phase carbonylation reaction, under reaction conditions with a space velocity of 500-5000 h.sup.1, a temperature of 50-150 C. and a pressure of 0.01-2 MPa. Supported nano-scaled platinum group metal heterogeneous catalysts are prepared via ultrasonic dispersion and calcination. Methyl formate is produced and isolated under relatively mild conditions.

A process for vapor-phase carbonylation of methanol to methyl formate, whereby a feed gas containing methanol, carbon monoxide, hydrogen and oxygen is passed through a reactor loaded with a supported nano-scaled platinum group metal heterogeneous catalyst to produce methyl formate by a vapor-phase carbonylation reaction, under reaction conditions with a space velocity of 500-5000 h.sup.1, a temperature of 50-150 C. and a pressure of 0.01-2 MPa. Supported nano-scaled platinum group metal heterogeneous catalysts are prepared via ultrasonic dispersion and calcination. Methyl formate is produced and isolated under relatively mild conditions.