An exhaust gas purification catalyst includes: a first catalyst unit that consists of a hydrogen generating catalyst including a noble metal and an oxide that contains lanthanum, zirconium and an additional element such as neodymium; a second catalyst unit that consists of an oxygen storage/release material and a perovskite oxide disposed in contact with the oxygen storage/release material and represented by the general formula La.sub.xM1.sub.1-xM2O.sub.3-δ, where La is lanthanum, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), x satisfies 0<x≦1, and δ satisfies 0≦δ≦1; and a holding material that holds the first catalyst unit and the second catalyst unit in a mutually separated state.

An exhaust gas purification catalyst includes: a first catalyst unit that consists of a hydrogen generating catalyst including a noble metal and an oxide that contains lanthanum, zirconium and an additional element such as neodymium; a second catalyst unit that consists of an oxygen storage/release material and a perovskite oxide disposed in contact with the oxygen storage/release material and represented by the general formula La.sub.xM1.sub.1-xM2O.sub.3-δ, where La is lanthanum, M1 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium (Ba), strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca), M2 is at least one element selected from the group consisting of iron (Fe), cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn), x satisfies 0<x≦1, and δ satisfies 0≦δ≦1; and a holding material that holds the first catalyst unit and the second catalyst unit in a mutually separated state.

A process for the joint preparation of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising: (a) starting materials comprising at least one compound having the structure of formula I, II or III is reacted with hydrogen fluoride, producing 1,2,3-trichloro-3,3-difluoropropene, 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane, and 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane; in the compounds of said formulae CF.sub.2−mCl.sub.m=CCl-CHF.sub.2−nCl.sub.n (Formula I), CF.sub.3−pCl.sub.pCHCl=CH.sub.2Cl (Formula II), and CF.sub.3−xCl.sub.xCF.sub.2−yCl.sub.yCHF.sub.2−zCl.sub.z (Formula III), m=0, 1, 2; n=1, 2; p=2, 3; x=1, 2, 3; y=1, 2; z=1, 2 and 4≦x+y+z≦6; (b) the 1,2,3-trichloro-3,3-difluoropropene, 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane and 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane undergo dechlorination, producing 3-chloro-3,3-difluoropropyne, 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene and 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene; and (c) the 3-chloro-3,3-difluoropropyne, 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene and 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene are reacted with hydrogen fluoride, simultaneously yielding 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropen.

FIG. 1 is designated as the drawing of the Abstract.

A process for the joint preparation of 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, comprising: (a) starting materials comprising at least one compound having the structure of formula I, II or III is reacted with hydrogen fluoride, producing 1,2,3-trichloro-3,3-difluoropropene, 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane, and 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane; in the compounds of said formulae CF.sub.2−mCl.sub.m=CCl-CHF.sub.2−nCl.sub.n (Formula I), CF.sub.3−pCl.sub.pCHCl=CH.sub.2Cl (Formula II), and CF.sub.3−xCl.sub.xCF.sub.2−yCl.sub.yCHF.sub.2−zCl.sub.z (Formula III), m=0, 1, 2; n=1, 2; p=2, 3; x=1, 2, 3; y=1, 2; z=1, 2 and 4≦x+y+z≦6; (b) the 1,2,3-trichloro-3,3-difluoropropene, 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,2-trifluoropropane and 1,2,3-trichloro-1,1,3-trifluoropropane undergo dechlorination, producing 3-chloro-3,3-difluoropropyne, 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene and 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene; and (c) the 3-chloro-3,3-difluoropropyne, 3-chloro-2,3,3-trifluoropropene and 3-chloro-1,3,3-trifluoropropene are reacted with hydrogen fluoride, simultaneously yielding 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene and 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropen.

FIG. 1 is designated as the drawing of the Abstract.

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparation of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed reactor, a method of preparing the same, and use of the same, wherein a method according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: reacting a metal precursor with an alkaline substance to obtain a slurry containing insoluble compound, followed by filtering and washing the slurry; adding a binder and deionized water, followed by agitation to regulate the solid content of the slurry to 10-50%; subjecting the slurry to spray drying granulation, wherein the temperature at the feed port is controlled between 200-400° C., and the temperature at the discharge port is controlled between 100-160° C., to obtain catalyst microspheres; and drying the catalyst microspheres at 80-200° C. for 1-24 h, and then calcining the catalyst microspheres at 500-900° C. for 4-24 h to obtain a catalyst having a general formula of FeXaYbZcOd, comprising Fe, Mg, Zn, Bi, Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Ba, Ca, and other metals. The catalyst microspheres prepared according to the exemplary method exhibit high mobility, desirable particle size distribution, extremely high mechanical strength and catalytic activity, and are applicable to industrial production of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed. When this catalyst is used to prepare butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene, the yield of butadiene is 76-86%, and the selectivity to butadiene is 94-97%.

The invention relates to a catalyst for preparation of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed reactor, a method of preparing the same, and use of the same, wherein a method according to an embodiment of the invention comprises: reacting a metal precursor with an alkaline substance to obtain a slurry containing insoluble compound, followed by filtering and washing the slurry; adding a binder and deionized water, followed by agitation to regulate the solid content of the slurry to 10-50%; subjecting the slurry to spray drying granulation, wherein the temperature at the feed port is controlled between 200-400° C., and the temperature at the discharge port is controlled between 100-160° C., to obtain catalyst microspheres; and drying the catalyst microspheres at 80-200° C. for 1-24 h, and then calcining the catalyst microspheres at 500-900° C. for 4-24 h to obtain a catalyst having a general formula of FeXaYbZcOd, comprising Fe, Mg, Zn, Bi, Mo, Mn, Ni, Co, Ba, Ca, and other metals. The catalyst microspheres prepared according to the exemplary method exhibit high mobility, desirable particle size distribution, extremely high mechanical strength and catalytic activity, and are applicable to industrial production of butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene in a fluidized bed. When this catalyst is used to prepare butadiene by oxydehydrogenation of butene, the yield of butadiene is 76-86%, and the selectivity to butadiene is 94-97%.

The present invention describes the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts of mixed oxides based upon niobium and mixed oxides of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and/or aluminum, originating from hydrotalcites (HTs) as precursor phase of heterogeneous catalysts, and application thereof in the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for the production of metal free bis(hydroxy)ethylene (BHET) monomers and oligomers having a processing performance similar to that of the homogeneous catalysis system.

The present invention describes the preparation of heterogeneous catalysts of mixed oxides based upon niobium and mixed oxides of zinc, manganese, nickel, cobalt and/or aluminum, originating from hydrotalcites (HTs) as precursor phase of heterogeneous catalysts, and application thereof in the chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for the production of metal free bis(hydroxy)ethylene (BHET) monomers and oligomers having a processing performance similar to that of the homogeneous catalysis system.

Provided is a nanostructure catalyst composition and a method for producing organic molecules having at least two carbon atoms chained together by the reaction of a hydrogen-containing source, a carbon-containing source and an optional nitrogen-containing source. Composition of the nanostructure catalyst affects the solar-to-chemical efficiency, active lifetime and reaction product of the artificial photosynthesis reaction.

Provided is a nanostructure catalyst composition and a method for producing organic molecules having at least two carbon atoms chained together by the reaction of a hydrogen-containing source, a carbon-containing source and an optional nitrogen-containing source. Composition of the nanostructure catalyst affects the solar-to-chemical efficiency, active lifetime and reaction product of the artificial photosynthesis reaction.