The present invention relates to a method for removing dyes from textile effluents and other organic substances using nanocomposites based on zinc hydroxides and carboxylic acids capable of adsorbing and degrading. More specifically, the present invention consists of a method to generate new zinc hydroxide-based materials, which allows removal and degradation of methylene blue and other organic compounds from wastewater from industrial effluents, particularly those from textile industry.

A method for producing an oligomer, the method comprising a step of oligomerizing a polymerizable monomer comprising an olefin in the presence of a catalyst comprising an iron complex represented by the following Formula (1) and trialkylaluminum:

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[In Formula (1), R represents a hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or an aromatic group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a plurality of R in the same molecule may be the same or different, R represents a free radical having an oxygen atom and/or a nitrogen atom, a plurality of R in the same molecule may be the same or different, and Y represents a chlorine atom or a bromine atom].

The invention relates to new compositions of polyorganic functional groups modified silica. The compositions contain a wide range of different functional groups such as mercapto, sulfide, thiourea, amines and amides in the same composition and each of these functional groups are present in an array of numerous different oligomers, configurations and stereochemistry. These functional groups have a strong affinity for metals and particular targets. Combining a high number of these functional groups together in the same composition enhances the overall binding affinity of the functionalised material. Combination with different structural configurations further enhances the capacity to bind to diverse structural variations in the targets found in actual process, product and waste streams. This multitude of binding mechanisms enables very high levels of purification and target removal as well as selectivity to be achieved in product, process and waste streams. The compounds are useful for the purification of products and for the removal of unwanted organic and inorganic compounds from product, process and waste streams, as chromatography medium for the purification and separation of metals, metal complexes and organic and biological compounds, for solid phase extraction, for solid phase synthesis, for metal mediated heterogeneous catalysis, for metal ion abstraction and for the immobilisation of bio-molecules.

Disclosed in the present invention is a preparation method for a tetra-substituted allenoic acid compound based on a palladium catalytic system, that is, a highly optically active allenoic acid compound having axial chirality is directly constructed in one step by reacting tertiary propargyl alcohol, carbon monoxide and water in an organic solvent under the action of a palladium catalyst, a chiral bisphosphine ligand, an organophosphoric acid, and an organic additive, and the theoretical yield can reach 100%. The method of the present invention is simple to operate, the raw materials and reagents are readily available, the reaction conditions are mild, the substrate universality is wide, the functional group compatibility is good, the reaction has high enantioselectivity (77%?96% ee), and the reaction is well compatible with complex natural products or substrates of a drug molecular skeleton. The highly optically active allenoic acid compound obtained by the present invention can be used as an important intermediate for constructing a ?-butyrolactone compound containing a tetra-substituted chiral quaternary carbon center, tetra-substituted allenol, tetra-substituted allenal, tetra-substituted allenyl ketone, tetra-substituted allenami de and other compounds.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions comprising nanoparticles comprising one or more elements selected from a group 10 element, cocatalysts, catalyst promoters and organic molecules as organic stabilizing agents, in adequate porous supports. The invention also includes a particular mode of preparing the catalyst composition and the use of the catalyst in selective non-oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes.

A method of forming TiO.sub.2ZnO nanoparticles coated by a copper (II) complex includes forming a mononuclear copper complex by treating a ligand with Cu.sup.2+ ions; and immobilizing the mononuclear copper complex on TiO.sub.2ZnO nanoparticles to obtain the TiO.sub.2ZnO nanoparticle coated by the copper (II) complex. The TiO.sub.2ZnO nanoparticles coated by a copper (II) complex thus produced have improved catalytic effectiveness and increased efficiency by reducing catalytic reaction time and temperature, particularly in methods of catalyzing oxidation of an alcohol or of catalyzing decarboxylative bromination of an acid.

A process for hydroformylating short-chain olefins, especially C.sub.2 to C.sub.5 olefins can be performed in at least one reactor in which the catalyst system is in heterogenized form on a support. The support is composed of a porous ceramic material, and the process steps a) to c) are conducted when the process is shut down.

Disclosed are perfluorinated SABRE catalysts comprising a d-block element and a perfluorinated ligand, wherein the perfluorinated ligand is of Formula (I): [L.sub.m-(NHC)(YZ).sub.q] or a salt thereof. Also disclosed is a method of preparing a hyperpolarized substrate comprising a ? spin nucleus or nuclei using the perfluorinated SABRE catalysts, and isolating the resulting hyperpolarized substrate for administration to an animal. Further disclosed is a method of imaging a tissue of an animal suspected of having a disease or condition.

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are the cornerstone of organic chemistry. A new class of ligands was developed for transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. These phosphine-urea ligands incorporate a urea subunit into the backbone of the ligand, which is designed to bind to the organometallic coupling partner and simultaneously facilitate and direct transmetalation of the nucleophile. Synthetic routes were designed and executed to synthesize phosphine-urea ligands. These ligands catalyze a wide variety of cross-coupling reactions including Suzuki, Negishi, and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-couplings. Aryl-aryl, alkyl-aryl, and alkyl-alkyl CC cross-couplings are performed successfully with these ligands. In addition, specific chiral phosphine-urea ligands catalyze Negishi cross-couplings enantioselectively from a racemic alkylzinc nucleophile.

The present disclosure provides methods for enantioselective synthesis of cyclic and acyclic -quaternary carboxylic acid derivatives via nickel-catalyzed allylic alkylation.