A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the energy modulation agent.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Providing a catalytic process for preparing 1,4-diketone compounds from furanic compounds and their precursors in a liquid medium, using an acid catalytic system and optionally in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst, wherein the acidic catalytic system comprises a solid acid catalyst or a mixture of water and CO.sub.2.

This invention relates to a cobalt-based catalyst on a metal structure for selective production of synthetic oil via Fischer-Tropsch reaction, a method of preparing the same and a method of selectively producing synthetic oil using the same, wherein zeolite, cobalt and a support are mixed and ground to give a catalyst sol, which is then uniformly thinly applied on the surface of a metal structure using a spray-coating process, thereby preventing generation of heat during Fischer-Tropsch reaction and selectively producing synthetic oil having a carbon chain shorter than that of wax. This catalyst is prepared by burning a powder mixture obtained by melt infiltration of a cobalt hydrate and a metal oxide support to give a catalyst powder including cobalt oxide/metal oxide support; hybridizing the catalyst powder including cobalt oxide/metal oxide support with a zeolite powder to give a hybrid catalyst powder; mixing the hybrid catalyst powder with an organic binder and an inorganic binder and grinding the mixed hybrid catalyst powder to give a hybrid catalyst sol; spray-coating a metal structure surface-treated with alumina by atomic layer deposition with the hybrid catalyst sol; and thermally treating the metal structure spray-coated with the hybrid catalyst sol.

A method and a system for producing a change in a medium disposed in an artificial container. The method places in a vicinity of the medium at least one of a plasmonics agent and an energy modulation agent. The method applies an initiation energy through the artificial container to the medium. The initiation energy interacts with the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent to directly or indirectly produce the change in the medium. The system includes an initiation energy source configured to apply an initiation energy to the medium to activate the plasmonics agent or the energy modulation agent.

Methods, structures, devices and systems are disclosed for fabrication of microtube engines using membrane template electrodeposition. Such nanomotors operate based on bubble-induced propulsion in biological fluids and salt-rich environments. In one aspect, fabricating microengines includes depositing a polymer layer on a membrane template, depositing a conductive metal layer on the polymer layer, and dissolving the membrane template to release the multilayer microtubes.

Described are a catalyst for producing isopropylbenzene and the production method and use thereof. The catalyst includes a support and an active component supported on the support, wherein the support comprises a support substrate and a modifying auxiliary component supported on the support substrate, wherein the active component includes metal palladium and/or an oxide thereof, and the modifying auxiliary component is phosphorus and/or an oxide thereof; optionally, the active component further includes metal copper and/or an oxide thereof; the catalyst further includes a sulfur-containing compound.

The system includes a reactor vessel having a reactor space bound by a reactor wall. The reactor vessel is arranged for holding a mixture of a catalyst and formic acid in the reactor space. The reactor vessel includes a mixture inflow opening for allowing the mixture to enter the reactor space and a mixture outflow opening for allowing said mixture to exit the reactor space, and a gas outflow opening for allowing hydrogen originating from the mixture to exit the reactor space. A method for hydrogen production includes: providing the formic acid and the catalyst into the reactor space; withdrawing the mixture from the reactor space; heating and/or cooling the mixture to a predetermined temperature range outside the reactor space; and introducing the heated and/or cooled mixture into the reactor space in a predetermined direction having a tangential component arranged for stirring said mixture in the reactor space.