Disclosed are processes and intermediates for the preparation of compound (X), which is currently being investigated for the treatment of prostate cancer. ##STR00001##

A process for producing an aromatic compound in high yield and a palladium complex are provided. The palladium complex is represented by formula (D) or formula (D′): ##STR00001##
In formula (D), X represents a chlorine atom, A represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, B represents an alkyl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms. ##STR00002##
In formula (D′), X, A, B and R.sup.4 to R.sup.8 are the same as defined above.

Disclosed herein are methods for preparing isotopically modified polyunsaturated lipids containing 1,4-diene systems involving selective isotopic modification of one or more bis-allylic positions of the polyunsaturated lipids in the presence of a transition metal catalyst.

A method of forming dialkyl carbonate is provided, which includes introducing carbon dioxide into a catalyst to form dialkyl carbonate, wherein the catalyst is formed by activating a catalyst precursor using alcohol, wherein alcohol is R.sup.3—OH, and R.sup.3 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl group or C.sub.5-12 aryl or heteroaryl group. The catalyst precursor is formed by reacting Sn(R.sub.1).sub.2(L).sub.2 and Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4, and Sn(R.sup.1).sub.2(L).sub.2 and Ti(OR.sup.2).sub.4 have a molar ratio of 1:2 to 2:1. R.sup.1 is C.sub.1-10 alkyl group, R.sup.2 is H or C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, and L is O—(C═O)—R.sup.5, and R.sup.5 is C.sub.1-12 alkyl group. The dialkyl carbonate is

##STR00001##

In one aspect, phosphine compounds comprising three adamantyl moieties (PAd.sub.3) and associated synthetic routes are described herein. Each adamantyl moiety may be the same or different. For example, each adamantyl moiety (Ad) attached to the phosphorus atom can be independently selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane and derivatives thereof. Transition metal complexes comprising PAd.sub.3 ligands are also provided for catalytic synthesis including catalytic cross-coupling reactions.

The present disclosure provides novel methods of making aluminum complexes with utility for promoting epoxide carbonylation reactions. Methods include reacting neutral metal carbonyl compounds with alkylaluminum complexes. For example, a compound of formula I: ##STR00001##
is reacted with a neutral metal carbonyl compound (such as Q′.sub.dM.sub.e(CO).sub.w′) to produce an aluminum-based carbonylation catalyst: ##STR00002##

In one aspect, phosphine compounds comprising three adamantyl moieties (PAd.sub.3) and associated synthetic routes are described herein. Each adamantyl moiety may be the same or different. For example, each adamantyl moiety (Ad) attached to the phosphorus atom can be independently selected from the group consisting of adamantane, diamantane, triamantane and derivatives thereof. Transition metal complexes comprising PAd.sub.3 ligands are also provided for catalytic synthesis including catalytic cross-coupling reactions.

The present invention relates to catalyst compositions for hydroformylation processes and to hydroformylation processes utilizing certain catalysts. In one aspect, a catalyst composition for a hydroformylation process comprises (a) a transition metal; (b) a monophosphine; and (c) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and wherein the composition comprises at least 40 moles of monophosphine per mole of transition metal.

The present invention relates to methods for slowing deactivation of a catalyst and/or slowing tetraphosphine ligand usage in a hydroformylation process. In one aspect, a method comprises (a) contacting an olefin with carbon monoxide, hydrogen and a catalyst, the catalyst comprising (A) a transition metal, (B) a tetraphosphine having the structure described herein, and, optionally, (C) a monophosphine having the structure described herein, the contacting conducted in one or more reaction zones and at hydroformylation conditions; and (b) adding additional monophosphine having the structure described herein to a reaction zone.

Disclosed are a novel catalyst system which is a catalyst system for selectively oligomerizing olefin including ethylene and may trimerize and tetramerize olefin, different from the catalyst system for olefin oligomerization reported until now, and a method for preparing an olefin oligomer using same. The present invention provides a catalyst system for olefin oligomerization, including a ligand compound represented by Formula 1; a chromium compound; and a metal alkyl compound, and a method for preparing an olefin oligomer using same.