Provided is an acetic acid production method that enables smooth reduction and/or increase of acetic acid production with easy operation and can industrially efficiently, stably produce acetic acid with maintained quality even when the acetic acid production volume is changed. The acetic acid production method includes a carbonylation step in which methanol is reacted with carbon monoxide in a continuous system in the presence of a catalytic system, acetic acid, methyl acetate, and water, where the catalytic system includes a metal catalyst and methyl iodide. The carbonylation step employs two or more reactors disposed in parallel.

A hydroformylation system for making aldehydes includes: (a) a primary reactor provided with catalyst feed, syngas feed and olefin feed adapted to convert the olefin and syngas to product aldehyde; (b) a first liquid vapor separator coupled to the primary reactor for receiving output therefrom, adapted to separate the product aldehyde into a crude aldehyde product stream and a vent stream containing syngas and unreacted olefin; (c) a vent reactor coupled to the first liquid vapor separator to receive the vent stream therefrom, the vent reactor also being coupled to the primary reactor which is configured to provide catalyst thereto, wherein the vent reactor is operative to convert unreacted olefin in the vent stream from the first liquid vapor separator to additional product aldehyde. A second liquid vapor separator is coupled to the vent reactor to receive output therefrom and adapted to separate the output from the vent reactor into a liquid recycle stream containing additional product aldehyde and catalyst as well as another vent stream, the second liquid vapor separator also being coupled to the primary reactor so as to provide the recycle stream thereto.

Disclosed herein are methods of treating a hydroformylation catalyst solution wherein the solution comprises rhodium, polyphosphoramidite ligands, and polyphosphoramidite ligand degradation products and wherein the hydroformylation catalyst solution is used to hydroformylate an olefin in an operating hydroformylation unit. In some embodiments, such methods comprise contacting the catalyst solution with a peroxide in the operating hydroformylation unit.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide for Rh(I) catalysts, methods of making alkenyl substituted arenes (e.g., allyl arene, vinyl arene, and the like), methods of making alkyl substituted arenes, and the like.

The present invention relates to a novel method for producing fluorinated cycloaliphatic compounds from the analogous aromatic compounds by hydrogenation with an Rh-carbene catalyst system.

Disclosed herein are methods to rejuvenate a deactivated hydroformylation catalyst solution wherein the solution comprises rhodium, polyphosphoramidite ligands, and polyphosphoramidite ligand degradation products. In some embodiments, such methods comprise adding a peroxide to the deactivated hydroformylation catalyst solution.

A reactor for performing a reaction between two immiscible fluids of different density, comprising an interior formed by a cylindrical, vertically oriented elongate shell, a bottom and a cap, wherein the interior is divided by internals into a backmixed zone, a zone of limited backmixing preferably arranged below the backmixed zone and a plug-flow zone which are at least consecutively traversable by one of the fluids, wherein the backmixed zone comprises at least one inlet and the plug-flow zone comprises an outlet and the backmixed zone comprises at least one mixing apparatus selected from a stirrer, a jet nozzle and means for injecting the fluid of lower density, a first cylindrical internal element which in the interior extends in the longitudinal direction of the reactor, which delimits the zone of limited backmixing from the plug-flow zone and which comprises a first passage to the backmixed zone and a second passage to the plug-flow zone, a second internal element which delimits the backmixed zone from the plug-flow zone such that there is no direct fluid connection between the backmixed zone and the plug-flow zone, and backmixing-preventing third internal elements in the form of random packings, structured packings or liquid-permeable trays arranged in the zone of limited backmixing. The reactor allows an optimal residence time distribution in the reaction of the two immiscible fluids of different density. The invention further relates to a process for performing a continuous reaction in the reactor.

An organometallic complex catalyst that makes it possible to obtain a higher yield of a desired product than conventional catalysts in a cross-coupling reaction. The organometallic complex catalyst has a structure represented by formula (1) and is for use in a cross-coupling reaction. In formula (1), M is the coordination center and represents a metal atom such as Pd or an ion thereof. R1, R2, and R3 may be the same or different and are a substituent such as a hydrogen atom. R4, R5, R6, and R7 may be the same or different and are a substituent such as a hydrogen atom. X represents a halogen atom. R8 represents a substituent that has a π bond and 3-20 carbon atoms. With regard to the electron-donating properties of R1-R7 with respect to the coordination center M of the ligand containing R1-R7 that is indicated in formula (2), R1-R7 are arranged in combination such that the TEP value obtained from infrared spectroscopy shifts toward the low frequency side compared to the TEP value of the ligand of formula (2-1). ##STR00001##

Disclosed are highly active cationic cobalt phosphine complexes, both mono- and bimetallic, that can catalyze hydroformylation reactions. The disclosed catalysts can be utilized in methods that provide reaction processes that are hundreds of times faster than high pressure HCo(CO).sub.4 or phosphine-modified HCo(CO).sub.3(PR.sub.3) catalysts and operate at considerably lower pressures and temperatures. Also disclosed are methods of hydroformylation using the described transition metal complexes. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

The present invention relates to hydroformylation processes for producing aldehydes. In some embodiments, the process comprises contacting in a reaction zone reactants comprising an olefin, hydrogen and CO in the presence of a rhodium-organophosphite based catalyst, optionally with free organophosphite ligand, and 0.1 to 3 weight percent, based on the total weight of the fluid in the reaction zone, of certain polymers specified herein, such that the solubility of the polymer in the aldehyde is greater than or equal to 1 weight percent at 40° C.