Phosphine phosphonate and phenoxyphosphine ligands bearing polyethylene glycol (PEG) chains are used as described herein to produce heterobimetallic catalysts. The ligands can be metallated selectively with palladium or nickel and secondary metal ions to provide well-defined heterobimetallic compounds. These heterobimetallic complexes exhibit accelerated reaction rates and greater thermal stability in olefin polymerization compared to other catalysts.

An amphiphilic fusion protein has a formula S/I—X—H.sub.1—H.sub.2, wherein S— is a solubilizing moiety, I— is an insolubilizing moiety, —X— is a peptide sequence comprising a proteolytic or chemical cleavage site, —H.sub.1— is a hydrophilic peptide, and —H.sub.2 is a hydrophobic peptide.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel method for producing an α-fluoroacrylic acid ester compound.

##STR00001##

This problem is solved by a method for producing a compound represented by formula (1), wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different, and each represents an alkyl group or the like; and R.sup.3 is an alkyl group or the like, the method comprising step A of reacting a compound represented by formula (2) with R.sup.3—OH (3) and carbon monoxide in the presence of palladium, a double bond-containing compound (α), a diphosphine compound (β), and a base, to obtain the compound represented by formula (1) above.

A Ruthenium complex containing alkynyl group, a method of synthesizing the Ruthenium complex containing alkynyl group and a use thereof are provided. The Ruthenium complex has a chemical formula of Ru(L).sub.2(DPPZ′). DPPZ′ is a main ligand having structural formula of

##STR00001##

R is any one selected from the group consisting of H, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, R.sub.1NH.sub.2, R.sub.1OH, and SiMe.sub.3; R.sub.1 is C1-C5 chain alkyl group; L is an auxiliary ligand with N as coordinating atom. Sonogashira coupling reaction is utilized to introduce alkynyl group into a DPPZ-type Ruthenium complex; the introduced alkynyl group is beneficial to promote the transmembrane absorption of drug molecules, increase the probability of drug entry into cells, and can also increase efficacy and reduce toxic and side effects of drugs. The Ruthenium complex provided has significant anti-tumor activity, especially anti-breast cancer activity, and can provide new ideas for designing anti-tumor drug molecules in the future.

The present invention relates to a process for preparing the Alectinib or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof using lesser reaction steps and also eliminating expensive and time-consuming column chromatography. The invention also relates to novel polymorphic forms of Alectinib and Alectinib hydrochloride.

Sulfonyl hydroxamic acid compounds have the following general formula: ##STR00001##
Ring A and B are aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, fused aryl or fused alkyl group, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5, and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, alkoxy, aryloxy, hydroxy, ester, amide, amino, alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, nitro, cyano, ester, or aldehyde. The compounds are HDAC inhibitors. Processes can be used for preparation of these indole-based sulfonyl hydroxamic acid derivatives.

Wacker oxidation can be used as a signal transduction mechanism for the selective and sensitive detection of ethylene in air via chemiresistive sensing. Using this system, the senescence of lisianthus flowers and carnations can be monitored.

Subject of the invention is a process for producing a biofuel from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) obtained by transesterification of vegetable oils, comprising the steps of (a) ethenolysis of the fatty acid methyl esters in the presence of ethylene and an ethenolysis catalyst, and (b) isomerizing metathesis in the presence of an isomerization catalyst and a metathesis catalyst. The invention also relates to biofuels obtainable by the inventive process and to uses of ethylene for adjusting and optimizing biofuels.

Disclosed are processes and intermediates for the preparation of compound (X), which is currently being investigated for the treatment of prostate cancer. ##STR00001##

The disclosure includes high purity compounds having CCR5 and/or CCR2 antagonism, or salts thereof, high purity intermediates thereto and processes for synthesizing the same.