Provided are a novel isocyanide compound, a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst having excellent handling properties and storage properties that allows a hydrosilylation reaction to proceed under moderate conditions by using the isocyanide compound, and a method for producing an addition compound by a hydrosilylation reaction using the hydrosilylation reaction catalyst.

A hydrosilylation reaction catalyst prepared from a catalyst precursor comprising a transition metal compound of groups 8, 9, or 10 of the periodic table, excluding platinum, such as an iron carboxylate, cobalt carboxylate, or nickel carboxylate, and a ligand comprising an isocyanide compound having an organosiloxane group.

Compositions comprising metal organic frameworks and related methods and uses are generally provided, including use in selective carbonylation of heterocyclic compounds.

The invention discloses a method for preparation of alkylated, fluoro alkylated, chloro alkylated and fluorochloro alkylated compounds by a heterogeneous Co-catalysed alkylation or fluoro, chloro and fluorochloro alkylation with alkyl halides, fluoro alkyl halides, chloro alkyl halides or fluorochloro alkyl halides respectively.

A catalyst for catalyzing transesterification of esters or esterification of fatty acids, the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of manganese (II) glycerolate, cobalt (II) glycerolate, iron (II) glycerolate, and any combination thereof. A method for transesterification reaction, includes: a) providing a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of manganese (II) glycerolate, cobalt (II) glycerolate, iron (II) glycerolate, and any combination thereof; b) adding the catalyst, one or more alcohols, and a composition comprising one or more esters to a reactor to form a reaction mixture; and c) stirring while heating the reaction mixture for reaction to form transesterification products.

Metal-organic framework (MOFs) compositions based on nitrogen donor-based organic bridging ligands, including ligands based on 1,3-diketimine (NacNac), bipyridines and salicylaldimine, were synthesized and then post-synthetically metalated with metal precursors, such as complexes of first row transition metals. Metal complexes of the organic bridging ligands could also be directly incorporated into the MOFs. The MOFs provide a versatile family of recyclable and reusable single-site solid catalysts for catalyzing a variety of asymmetric organic transformations. The solid catalysts can also be integrated into a flow reactor or a supercritical fluid reactor.

Polymerisation catalysts and systems comprising said catalysts for polymerising carbon dioxide and an epoxide, a lactide and/or lactone, and/or an epoxide and an anhydride. The catalyst is of formula (I):

##STR00001##

Wherein M.sub.1 and M.sub.2 are independently selected from Zn(II), Cr(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Mn(II), Ni(II), Mg(II), Fe(II), Ti(II), V(II), Cr(III)-X, Co(III)-X, Ni(III)-X, Mn(III)-X, Fe(III)-X, Ca(II), Ge(II), AI(III)-X, Ti(III)-X, V(III)-X, Ge(IV)-(X).sub.2 or Ti(IV)-(X).sub.2. R.sub.3A is different from R.sub.3B; and/or at least one occurrence of E.sub.3, E.sub.4, E.sub.5 and E.sub.6 is different to a remaining occurrence of E.sub.3, E.sub.4, E.sub.5 and E.sub.6. A ligand, a process of asymmetric N-substitution of a symmetrical ligand and a process for the reaction of: (i) carbon dioxide with an epoxide; (ii) an epoxide and an anhydride; and/or (iii) a lactide and/or a lactone, in the presence of a catalyst is also described.

The present disclosure discloses an immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst and its utilization in maleic acid preparation, belonging to the technical field of metalloporphyrin catalytic application. The immobilized metalloporphyrin catalyst is used for catalyzing furfural to prepare maleic acid and is good in catalytic effect, mild in reaction conditions and capable of greatly reducing the energy consumption required in the prior art. The catalyst disclosed by the present disclosure can provide a good microenvironment for a reaction, so that the yield and selectivity of maleic acid are increased; and according to a method disclosed by the present disclosure, the conversion ratio of furfural is 20.4%-95.6%, the yield of maleic acid is 10%-56.1%, and the selectivity is 43.6%-76.1%. Meanwhile, the catalyst is easy to separate and environmentally friendly and may be recycled for many times.

The present disclosure relates to block copolymers comprising, and methods of making thereof, a polycarbonate chain linked to a hydrophilic polymer. Such block copolymers may have the formula B-A-B, where A is a polycarbonate or polyethercarbonate chain and B is a polyether. Provided methods are useful in reducing the amount of waste generated from the synthesis of polycarbonates and provide improved thermal stability and high primary hydroxyl content. Provided block copolymers also have utility as additives in enhanced oil recovery methods, and foam polymer applications.

Among other things, the present invention encompasses the applicant's recognition that epoxide carbonylation can be performed industrially utilizing syngas streams containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and varying amounts carbon dioxide. Contrary to expectation, the epoxide carbonylation reaction proceeds selectively in the presence of these mixed gas streams and incorporates excess CO in the syngas stream into valuable chemical precursors, resulting in hydrogen streams substantially free of CO. This is economically and environmentally preferable to performing WSGR which releases the excess carbon as CO2. The integrated processes herein therefore provide improved carbon efficiency for processes based on coal or biomass gasification or steam methane reforming.

Disclosed herein are methods of making nanostructured metal-organic frameworks. The methods include contacting a homogenized ligand solution with a homogenized aqueous metal salt solution at room temperature to form a mixture; and agitating the mixture for an amount of time to thereby form the nanostructured metal-organic framework at room temperature; wherein the homogenized ligand solution comprises a ligand dispersed substantially homogenously in a solvent selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, lactic acid, and combinations thereof; and wherein the homogenized aqueous metal salt solution comprises a metal salt dispersed substantially homogenously in an aqueous solvent. Also disclosed herein are nanostructured metal-organic frameworks made by the methods described herein. Also disclosed herein are articles of manufacture comprising nanostructured metal-organic frameworks made by the methods described herein, such as filters, respirators, gas masks, human protection devices, catalysts, and catalyst supports.