A sample testing apparatus for characterizing at least one target molecule in a testing sample includes a substrate and at least one detection device over the substrate. Each detection device includes a plurality of electrodes, a plurality of data lines, and a probe. Each electrode is configured, upon reaction of the probe with one of the at least one target molecule, to sense an electrical signal, and then to transmit the electrical signal via the one data line. Each data line includes a first film layer and at least one other film layer disposed over the first film layer. The first film layer can be at a substantially same layer, and have a first composition substantially same, as the electrodes. One or more of the at least one other film layer can have a composition having a relatively lower electric resistance than the first composition.

An optical nano-biosensing system and a method thereof are provided. The optical nano-biosensing system includes a nano-plasmonic sensing device, a high-resolution analog-to-digital converter, a signal acquisition and processing device, and an intelligent electronic device. The nano-plasmonic sensing device further includes a light-source control circuit, a sample receiver, a light detector, and a signal-amplifying circuit. The sample receiver receives a sample. The light-source control circuit generates an incident light from a light source to be projected onto the sample receiver. The light detector detects an emergent light from the sample receiver to generate a detection signal. The signal-amplifying circuit converts the detection signal to generate an amplified signal. The high-resolution analog-to-digital converter digitizes the amplified signal to generate a digital signal. The signal calculator of the signal acquisition and processing device operates the digital signal to generate calculated information.

A biosensor includes: a flow channel through which a liquid sample flows, the liquid sample containing a specific component; a holding sheet that is disposed in the flow channel and holds a substance corresponding to the specific component; and a first temperature sensor that is disposed to correspond to the holding sheet and detects a reaction heat generated by a contact reaction between the specific component and the corresponding substance. The biosensor acquires information on the specific component based on the reaction heat.

Embodiments of the disclosure provide a nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip, and a nucleic acid extraction device and method. The nucleic acid extraction microfluidic chip includes a channel plate including: a mixed lysis zone, an extraction zone adjacent to the mixed lysis zone, a gas-pressure driven port in communication with an exterior, a first type of channel communicating the mixed lysis zone with the extraction zone, and a second type of channel communicating the extraction zone with the gas-pressure driven port; a cover plate opposite to the channel plate, wherein the cover plate includes a sample inlet and a liquid inlet through hole in a location corresponding to the mixed lysis zone; and a solution accommodating cavity, on a side of the cover plate away from the channel plate, wherein the solution accommodating cavity communicates with the mixed lysis zone of the channel plate through the liquid inlet through hole.

Devices and methods for the detection of nucleic acids (e.g., RNA, DNA) are described. The nucleic acid can be obtained or derived from a pathogen, such as a virus. In one embodiment, the virus is a coronavirus (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) related to the disease COVID-19. Accordingly, devices and methods may be used in the field as point-of-care devices to test a subject (e.g., a patient) for the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus or another nucleic acid.

The present invention provides a system and method for building and optimizing biosensors to create a multi-layered bio-sensing system by incorporating two different formats comprised of i) a single wall carbon tubular sensing element and ii) a non-tubular graphene sensing element. This multi-layered system allows for assaying molecules across a large range of molecular weights by sensing molecules in both gas and liquid from a common sample simultaneously. By collecting and analyzing both larger, heavier molecules, including, but not limited to: proteins hormones, nucleic acids, lipids, lipoproteins, etc., with non-tubular graphene sensors and smaller, lighter volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as emitted in gas form from the same sample are assayed with single walled-carbon nanotubules (SWNTs), this invention provides a more complete, holistic understanding of the organism's current state of health.

Examples herein include an apparatus having a substrate, a sensor over the substrate including an active surface and a sensor bond pad, a molding layer over the substrate and covering sides of the sensor, the molding layer having a lower portion with a first molding height relative to a top surface of the substrate and an upper portion with a second molding height relative to the top surface of the substrate, the first molding height and the second molding height each being greater than a height of the active surface, the second molding height being great than the first molding height; and a lidding layer over at least some of the lower portion of the molding layer and over the active surface. The lidding layer and the molding layer form a space over the active surface of the sensor that defines a flow channel.

The present inventive concept relates to a method for measuring analyte concentration in a sample fluid, comprising: receiving dilution fluid or sample fluid comprising analyte in a microfluidic channel, wherein the dilution fluid or sample fluid further comprises a molecule which is different from the analyte; performing a first affinity-based assay in a first detection zone of the microfluidic channel to measure a signal indicative of the concentration of the molecule in the dilution fluid or sample fluid; mixing the dilution fluid or sample fluid in the microfluidic channel with another of the dilution fluid or sample fluid to obtain a diluted sample fluid; performing a second affinity-based assay in a second detection zone of the microfluidic channel to measure a signal indicative of the concentration of the molecule in the diluted sample fluid; performing a third assay in the second detection zone to measure a signal indicative of the concentration of the analyte in the diluted sample fluid; determining a concentration of the molecule in the received dilution fluid or sample fluid, based on the measured signal of the first affinity-based assay; determining a concentration of the molecule in the diluted sample fluid, based on the measured signal of the second affinity-based assay; and determining the analyte concentration in the sample fluid on basis of the measured signal indicative of the concentration of analyte in the diluted sample fluid and a ratio between the determined concentration of the molecule in the received dilution fluid or sample fluid and the determined concentration of the molecule in the diluted sample fluid. The present inventive concept further relates to a microfluidic arrangement for facilitating measurement of analyte concentration in a sample fluid, and to a system for measuring analyte concentration in a sample fluid, comprising the microfluidic arrangement, and to a diagnostic system comprising the microfluidic arrangement.

Blood typing systems and methods are provided. In one embodiment, the method may be achieved by applying a sample to a surface of a substrate having one or more binding agents immobilized thereon, wherein the one or more binding agents are capable of binding to one or more substances in the sample; substantially removing unbound material from at least a portion of the substrate having immobilized binding agent; and detecting substances bound to the one or more binding agents immobilized on the substrate; wherein the applying the sample to the surface of the substrate step is concurrent with the removing unbound material from at least a portion of the substrate step. Systems and other methods are also described and illustrated.

A fluidic assembly comprising a fluid analysis apparatus (30), the fluid analysis apparatus (30) comprising: a fluid measurement device (34); a fluidic device including a flow cell (36) arranged in a measurement region of the fluid measurement device (34), the flow cell (36) constructed of at least one first fluoropolymer material, the flow cell (36) including a channel, the channel containing a sample segment (52) that is carried in a fluorinated fluid carrier (54), wherein the sample segment (52) and fluorinated fluid carrier (54) are immiscible.