Provided are a cleaning method and cleaning device for cleaning with micro/nano-bubbles, with which a simple method of spraying a treatment solution containing micro/nano-bubbles onto a substrate to be processed makes it possible to efficiently and reliably peel off residual resist or remove contaminants from the substrate, while reducing an environmental load. This cleaning method is characterized in that, with respect to a substrate to be treated to which a resist film has adhered onto the substrate or a substrate to be treated to which the surface thereof has been contaminated with a metal or metal compounds, the resist film is peeled off or the metals or metal compounds are removed by spraying onto the substrate to be treated a treatment solution containing gaseous micro/nano-bubbles and having a temperature maintained at 30 C. to 90 C., the mean particle size of the micro/nano-bubbles when measured by an ice embedding method using a cryo-transmission electron microscope being 100 nm or smaller, preferably 30 nm or smaller, and also preferably the density of such bubbles being 10.sup.8 or more bubbles per 1 mL.

Various exemplary illustrations of an electrode assembly for an electrostatic atomizer, for example for a rotation atomizer, and exemplary methods of making and/or using the same, are disclosed. An exemplary electrode assembly may not include an electrode holder arrangement for holding at least one electrode creating an electrostatic field about a symmetrical axis, wherein there is dielectric material for influencing a discharge current component extending in the direction of the symmetrical axis.

Various exemplary illustrations of an electrode assembly for an electrostatic atomizer, for example for a rotation atomizer, and exemplary methods of making and/or using the same, are disclosed. An exemplary electrode assembly may include an electrode holder arrangement for holding at least one electrode creating an electrostatic field about a symmetrical axis, wherein there is a dielectric material for influencing a discharge current component extending in the direction of the symmetrical axis.

A curved substrate with a film includes a substrate having a first main surface, a second main surface and an end surface, and an antiglare film provided on the first main surface. The substrate has a flat portion and a bent portion. A value obtained by dividing a reflected-image diffusibility index value R of the bent portion by the sum of the reflected-image diffusibility index value R of the bent portion and a reflected-image diffusibility index value R of the flat portion is 0.3 or higher and 0.8 or less.

This method allows a coating product to be applied to a component (13) being moved by a conveyor (12), along which conveyor at least one spray (62.1, 62.2) is arranged. It comprises automated steps involving determining, within a fixed frame of reference (X12, Y12, Z12), the coordinates of the points (A1, B1, C1, A2, B2, C2) of one or more lines (L1, L2) of the exterior profile of the component which are distributed along the length of the component, in assigning to each spray the points of each exterior profile line that lie within its field of spraying, in identifying, from among the points assigned to each spray, the point (A1, A2; B1, B2) closest to the spray for each exterior profile line, in determining, for each spray, a line (L3, L4) to follow that passes through all the points (A1, A2, B1, B2) closest to the spray as identified in step c), and in establishing a reference path for each spray according to the points on the line (L3, L4) to follow so that the application distance of each spray is adjusted automatically and independently according to the exterior profile of the component.

To provide a production method capable of producing an antiglare film-coated substrate having excellent antiglare performance in a short time, an antiglare film-coated substrate having excellent antiglare performance, and an article provided with the substrate. A method for producing an antiglare film-coated substrate 1 comprising a substrate 3 and an antiglare film 5 formed on the substrate 3, characterized by comprising a step of preparing a coating composition comprising at least one of a silica precursor (A) and particles (C), and a liquid medium (B), wherein the liquid medium (B) contains a liquid medium (B1) having a boiling point of at most 150 C. in an amount of at least 86 mass % based on the total amount of the liquid medium (B), a step of electrically charging and spraying the coating composition by using an electrostatic coating apparatus having an electrostatic coating gun having a rotary atomizing head, to apply it on the substrate 3 to form a coating film, and a step of firing the coating film to form an antiglare film 5.

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides an electrostatic metal porous body forming apparatus including: a transfer module transferring a porous body substrate; and a coating module coating a metal powder on the porous body substrate, wherein the transfer module includes a substrate supporter fixing the porous body substrate while the porous body substrate is transferred, and wherein the coating module includes: an electrifier including a first electrode electrifying the metal powder, a second electrode facing the first electrode, a first power supplier connected with the first electrode supplying electricity to the first electrode, and a second power supplier connected with the second electrode supplying electricity electrified with an opposite charge to a charge caused by the electrification of the first electrode to the second electrode, and generating a pulse type of voltage; and a metal powder supplier including a metal powder vessel storing the metal powder therein and supplying the metal powder to the outside, and an outlet separately disposed above or below the porous body substrate injecting the metal powder, and transferring or injecting the metal powder that is electrified and coated by the electrifier.

Provided herein are methods, apparatuses, and systems for treating food articles, including meat, poultry, fish and other seafood, vegetables, fruits and other foods and food processing articles by spraying an antimicrobial or other agent onto the food or food processing articles. One embodiment of the invention may include a method for treating a food article comprising disposing a food article in a cavity within an enclosure having an outer shell and at least one inner plate disposed in the cavity, applying a first charge to a antimicrobial agent, applying a second charge to the at least one inner plate of the same polarity as the first charge, and spraying the antimicrobial agent into the cavity in a manner whereby at least a portion of the antimicrobial agent is caused to be repelled by the at least one inner plate and to at least partially coat the food article.

An electrostatic oiling system for use with single blanks in batch systems having an open spray chamber without the need for a negative vacuum chamber. Further, the provided electrostatic oiling system may utilize induction beams and a charge wall that allows for utilization of a smaller vacuum system. Further, the provided electrostatic oiling system may provide variable blank coverage without the need for metered pumps.

An electrostatic oiling system for use with single blanks in batch systems having an open spray chamber without the need for a negative vacuum chamber. Further, the provided electrostatic oiling system may utilize induction beams and a charge wall that allows for utilization of a smaller vacuum system. Further, the provided electrostatic oiling system may provide variable blank coverage without the need for metered pumps.