The present invention provides a preparation method of a material for a puncture-resistant artificial blood vessel. The artificial blood vessel prepared by the method comprises two layers: the dense outer layer and the electrospun inner layer, the structures of these two layers are combined tightly and are inseparable, so that the properties of blood oozing resistance and repeated puncture resistance required by the artificial blood vessel can be provided. The puncture-resistant artificial blood vessel provided by the present invention has excellent biocompatibility, blood compatibility and flexibility and has the functions of blood oozing resistance and repeated puncture resistance. The method provided by the present invention has the characteristics such as convenience in operation, simplicity in production process and liability to the realization of large scale.

A sheet molding compound (SMC) is provided with superior conductivity properties based on the use of graphitics. A process for exfoliation of GnP and turbostratic carbon is also provided. By exfoliating the graphitics, a reduced amount of material can confer comparable properties relative to native GnPs or turbostratic carbon thereby reducing the amount of material usage, but also reducing negative effects to the base resin formulation through inclusion of these additives. Particular utility is found in thermoset resin molding to produce articles that are amenable to electrostatic coating and other surface treatments that rely on surface conductivity and especially in the realm of vehicle body parts.

An improved electro hydrodynamic method is provided. The method comprises arranging (11) an electro hydrodynamic device inside an enclosure and distributing (12) positive and/or negative ions inside the enclosure during a charging period with a certain defined amount of power. The distribution of the positive and/or the negative ions inside the enclosure (20) is performed so that a predefined amount of charge is set on the interior of the enclosure (20). Within a predetermined period of time after the charging period has ended, the electrospinning device is activated so as to create a product. Finally, the product is removed from the device. The present invention offers a solution for the problem of non-identical initial process conditions for an electro hydrodynamic process caused by any electric charges on the equipment.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods for reducing humidity of air adjacent to a nozzle of an electrospinning apparatus, charged solution output by the nozzle, a solution path between the nozzle and a deposit surface, and/or the deposit surface. The apparatus can be configured to controllably output the charged solution and gas of a predetermined dryness for deposit of the charged solution on the deposit surface. The gas of the predetermined dryness can be provided adjacent to a nozzle tip of the nozzle from where the charged solution is output. The gas of the predetermined dryness may be output in a predetermined direction toward a focal point at, in front of, or behind the nozzle tip.

In a powder coating process, a primer step is implemented prior to electrostatically applying the powder coating, either in advance of preheating the object to be coated or subsequent thereto, depending upon the selection of materials used in the object to be coated, the primer material being diluted fabric softener applied in a fine mist spray or fog to the object.

Self-limiting electrospray compositions including a non-charge-dissipative component and/or a charge-dissipative component. Self-limiting electrospray composition including a plurality of charge-dissipative components and excluding a non-charge-dissipative component. Methods for forming layers of self-limiting thickness. Methods for determining a conductivity of a material. Methods for repairing a flaw in a layer on a surface of an object.

In a powder coating process, a primer step is implemented prior to electrostatically applying the powder coating, either in advance of preheating the object to be coated or subsequent thereto, depending upon the selection of materials used in the object to be coated, the primer material being diluted fabric softener applied in a fine mist spray or fog to the object.

The present invention provides a preparation method preparation method for three-layer artificial blood vessel and application thereof. The three-layer artificial blood vessel comprise three layers, electrospinning inner layer, dense middle layer and electrospinning outer layer, the three-layer structure is closely combined and difficult to separate. The inner layer with a cytoskeleton-like structure can promote the formation of intima; the dense middle layer can effectively prevent the leakage of biomacromolecules and increase the puncture resistance of the whole artificial blood vessel; and the outer layer can promote the growth of tissue cells and better integrate with tissue. The three-layer artificial blood vessel provided by the invention has excellent blood compatibility, good flexibility, good puncture resistance and interlayer peeling resistance. The preparation method is convenient and is suitable for industrial scale production.

An improved electro hydrodynamic method is provided. The method comprises arranging (11) an electro hydrodynamic device inside an enclosure and distributing (12) positive and/or negative ions inside the enclosure during a charging period with a certain defined amount of power. The distribution of the positive and/or the negative ions inside the enclosure (20) is performed so that a predefined amount of charge is set on the interior of the enclosure (20). Within a predetermined period of time after the charging period has ended, the electrospinning device is activated so as to create a product. Finally, the product is removed from the device. The present invention offers a solution for the problem of non-identical initial process conditions for an electro hydrodynamic process caused by any electric charges on the equipment.

The invention includes a method for preparing and top coating an item made of powder coated MDF (or other substrate containing wood) with the end result of improved visual and tactile smoothness; the invention includes the steps of cutting and machining the part, pre-powder preparation and sanding of the part, powder coating the part, post-powder preparation and sanding, and applying the liquid top coat to the part, resulting in a smoother finish than is currently available in any other powder coated MDF finish while requiring less coats than similar liquid paint finishes.