Provided is a coil spring manufacturing method. In the coil spring manufacturing method, a coil spring of a vehicle suspension member is immersed in a fluidized bed in which powder coat is fluidized for coating. The fluidized bed includes a vertical stream area in which the powder coat moves upward and downward. The coil spring is immersed in the vertical stream area of the fluidized bed while an end coil of the coil spring faces upward, and is periodically subjected to a relative movement with respect to a direction containing components vertical to a central axis of the coil spring in relation to the vertical stream area.

Provided is a coil spring manufacturing method. In the coil spring manufacturing method, a coil spring of a vehicle suspension member is immersed in a fluidized bed in which powder coat is fluidized for coating. The fluidized bed includes a vertical stream area in which the powder coat moves upward and downward. The coil spring is immersed in the vertical stream area of the fluidized bed while an end coil of the coil spring faces upward, and is periodically subjected to a relative movement with respect to a direction containing components vertical to a central axis of the coil spring in relation to the vertical stream area.

A fluidized-bed coating method includes: immersing at least part of a workpiece in a powder coating material contained in a fluidized-bed vessel while air is introduced from a bottom of the fluidized-bed vessel at an average air flow rate of 5 mm/min or higher and 20 mm/min or lower per unit area of the bottom so that a floating ratio of the powder coating material is 5% or higher and 20% or lower, the workpiece having a temperature higher than or equal to a softening temperature of the powder coating material and lower than or equal to a melting temperature of the powder coating material; taking the workpiece out of the powder coating material; and heating the powder coating material attached to the workpiece.

A fluidized-bed coating method includes: immersing at least part of a workpiece in a powder coating material contained in a fluidized-bed vessel while air is introduced from a bottom of the fluidized-bed vessel at an average air flow rate of 5 mm/min or higher and 20 mm/min or lower per unit area of the bottom so that a floating ratio of the powder coating material is 5% or higher and 20% or lower, the workpiece having a temperature higher than or equal to a softening temperature of the powder coating material and lower than or equal to a melting temperature of the powder coating material; taking the workpiece out of the powder coating material; and heating the powder coating material attached to the workpiece.

A powder coating material for fluidized-bed coating has a volume average particle diameter D50v of 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less. The powder coating material shows an aerated flowability energy AE of 5 mJ or higher and lower than 100 mJ as measured with a powder rheometer using a vessel having a cross-sectional area with Ø50 mm under conditions of a rotary blade tip speed of 100 mm/sec, a rotary blade helix angle of −5°, and an air flow rate of 20 ml/min.

A powder coating material for fluidized-bed coating has a volume average particle diameter D50v of 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less. The powder coating material shows an aerated flowability energy AE of 5 mJ or higher and lower than 100 mJ as measured with a powder rheometer using a vessel having a cross-sectional area with Ø50 mm under conditions of a rotary blade tip speed of 100 mm/sec, a rotary blade helix angle of −5°, and an air flow rate of 20 ml/min.

A process for producing a transparent conductive film, comprising (a) providing a graphene oxide gel; (b) dispersing metal nanowires in the graphene oxide gel to form a suspension; (c) dispensing and depositing the suspension onto a substrate; and (d) removing the liquid medium to form the film. The film is composed of metal nanowires and graphene oxide with a metal nanowire-to-graphene oxide weight ratio from 1/99 to 99/1, wherein the metal nanowires contain no surface-borne metal oxide or metal compound and the film exhibits an optical transparence no less than 80% and sheet resistance no higher than 300 ohm/square. This film can be used as a transparent conductive electrode in an electro-optic device, such as a photovoltaic or solar cell, light-emitting diode, photo-detector, touch screen, electro-wetting display, liquid crystal display, plasma display, LED display, a TV screen, a computer screen, or a mobile phone screen.

Embodiments of a system, method and apparatus for a gear are disclosed. For example, a metallic gear hub can include an axis of rotation and metallic gear teeth. The metallic gear teeth can be smaller than a final gear teeth size of the gear. The metallic gear teeth can be co-planar with the axis. In addition, the metallic gear teeth can be non-orthogonal to the axis. A polymer layer can be located on the metallic gear teeth to form polymer gear teeth on the metallic gear teeth. The polymer gear teeth can form the final gear teeth size of the gear.

Provided is a method of making a coated object, which may include stereolithographically producing a green intermediate object from a dual cure polymerizable resin, the intermediate object containing uncured polymerizable material therein; then, optionally cleaning the green object; then, in any order: coating at least one surface portion of the object with a particulate material; and heating the object sufficiently to further cure the object; the coating and/or heating steps carried out under conditions in which uncured polymerizable material sweats (or exudes) to the surface of said object, and wherein the uncured polymerizable material contacts the particulate material, polymerizes, and bonds the particulate material to the surface of the object during the coating and/or heating steps. Also provided is a coated object produced by the method.

Induction heating facilitated coating systems and processes for pipes overcome corrosion and erosion of the pipes at extreme temperatures and pressures in applications including oil and gas downhole tubulars and pipelines as well as processing facilities. Being based on vitreous fused inorganic compounds, the present invention achieves very high corrosion resistance at remarkably modest cost. Attractive economics and immunity to chlorides and moisture permeation at extreme concentrations and temperatures also make it well suited to desalination plants and potable water piping applications. Due to its extreme temperature resistance, it also is very well suited for geothermal wells. Additionally, due to its characteristic smooth durable surface, the present invention is ideally suited for applications involving the opposite of corrosion, namely scaling problems, such as fouling in sewage systems and scale buildup in heavy oil wells.