A method of forming a sprayed coating includes preparing a spray target member having a surface on which openings of first ends of holes are formed, preparing a plurality of masking pins each of which comprises metal, and inserting each of the masking pins into a corresponding one of the holes so that each of the masking pins partially protrudes from the surface. The method also includes applying an adhesive agent for fixing the masking pins to the respective holes, to at least one of the holes or the masking pins, forming a ceramic layer by spraying on the surface of the spraying target member, the ceramic layer comprising a ceramic material, while the masking pins are fixed to the respective holes via the adhesive agent, and removing the masking pins from the holes after the spraying step.

There is provided an adhesive application apparatus capable of efficiently applying an adhesive without inhibiting curing of the adhesive. An adhesive application apparatus of the present invention includes a mounting table 10, an adhesive dosing unit 20, and an ultraviolet irradiation unit 30, and it applies a delayed-ultraviolet-curable adhesive 200 to a surface of a panel 100. The panel 100 is mounted on a mounting surface S10 of the mounting table 10. The adhesive dosing unit 20 applies the adhesive 200 to the surface of the panel 100 mounted on the mounting table 10 by discharging the adhesive 200 from an adhesive dosing port H20. The ultraviolet irradiation unit 30 irradiates the adhesive 200 dosed from the adhesive dosing port H20 with ultraviolet light L. Here, the ultraviolet irradiation unit 30 irradiates the adhesive 200 with the ultraviolet light L along the mounting surface S10 before the adhesive 200 dosed from the adhesive dosing port H20 is applied to the surface of the panel 100.

Systems and methods for treating wood products are provided. The methods comprise preconditioning the wood product by irradiating one or more surfaces of the wood product with infrared (IR) and/or ultraviolet (UV) radiation and subsequently treating the wood product. The systems comprise one or more fixtures positioned to irradiate one or more surfaces of the wood product with IR and/or UV radiation, wherein each fixture comprises a reflector and a radiation source.

Techniques regarding methods and/or apparatuses for protecting metal substrates during one or more lithography processes are provided. For example, one or more embodiments described herein can comprise a method that can include coating a metal substrate with a polymer film that self-assembles on a metal oxide positioned on a surface of the metal substrate. The method can also include covalently bonding the polymer film to the metal oxide.

A structure body includes a base material and a siloxane based molecular membrane formed on the base material by use of an organic compound represented by Formula (1) or Formula (2):

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wherein any one of R1 to R5 is an amino group, others of R1 to R5 are each independently hydrogen or an alkyl group, R7 to R9 are each independently any one of hydroxy group, alkoxy group, alkyl group, and phenyl group on condition that one or more of R7 to R9 are each independently a hydroxy group or an alkoxy group, and R6 is an alkyl group.

An apparatus for applying an ultraviolet coating includes: a substantially vertically oriented frame; a first roll rotatably attached to the first side of the frame; a second roll rotatably attached to its second side; multiple nozzles disposed on the first side, above the first roll; a motor coupled to the second roll; an ultraviolet coating fluid reservoir disposed above, and coupled to, the nozzles, thereby providing the nozzles with the ultraviolet coating fluid; and an air compressor coupled to the nozzles, thereby providing the nozzles with compressed air. The ultraviolet coating fluid is provided to the nozzles solely via a gravity feed from the reservoir. In use, the motor causes sheet material, initially wound around the first roll, to advance up and over the frame and then wind onto the second roll, as the ultraviolet coating fluid is sprayed onto the sheet material by the nozzles.

Methods, systems and apparatuses are disclosed for at least partially curing a light-curable material within a dispenser to obtain an at least partially-cured material and dispensing the at least partially-cured material to a substrate, while retaining substantially all of the light within the dispenser.

A method comprising: creating first conductive traces over a substrate by selective creation of metallization over the substrate using selective direct structuring of a material configured for selective direct structuring; and creating second conductive areas over the substrate directly in contact with at least parts of the first conductive traces.

A wire grid polarizer and method of making a wire grid polarizer can protect delicate wires of the wire grid polarizer from damage. The wire grid polarizer can include a protective-layer located on an array of wires. The array of wires can further be protected by a chemical coating on an inside surface of the air-filled channels, closed ends of the air-filled channels, damaged wires of the array of wires in a line parallel to an edge of the wire grid polarizer, or combinations thereof. The method can include (i) providing the wire grid polarizer, (ii) applying the protective-layer, by physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition but excluding atomic layer deposition, onto the array of wires, (iii) cutting the wire grid polarizer wafer into multiple wire grid polarizer parts, then (iv) protecting the array of wires.

A treatment system, including a conveyor bed configured to transport a plurality of products; a brushing device located along the conveyor bed and having one or more brushes that include a first antimicrobial compound; a surface treatment device including a lamp configured to emit light of a peak wavelength directed toward a portion of the conveyor bed; and a coating device configured to deliver a coating mixture onto the plurality of products on the conveyor bed.