The present invention relates to antifouling coatings capable of being switched by using heat or ultraviolet light. Prior to switching, the coating includes an onium cation component having antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. Upon switching, the coating is converted to a conjugated polymer state, and the cationic component is released with any adsorbed biofilm layer. Thus, the coatings herein have switchable and releasable properties. Methods of making and using such coatings are also described.

The present disclosure concerns a membrane for a sensor, such as an opto-chemical or electrochemical sensor, including a polymer layer, for example, one featuring pores or openings, that is permeable to a measuring fluid and/or an analyte contained in the measuring fluid, with a surface designed to be in contact with a measuring fluid, wherein the surface is designed such that, at least in a moist condition of the polymer layer obtained by moistening the surface, a contact angle of a water drop applied to the surface is less than 50, including less than 30, and including less than 10.

A method of manufacturing an automobile emblem is disclosed, which is for manufacturing an emblem that is to be disposed on a front surface of an automobile and represents a particular shape. A method of manufacturing an automobile emblem according to an embodiment of the invention can provide an automobile emblem that has a metallic texture and a silver luster without hindering the reception of waves for an automobile front radar.

A thin film forming apparatus including: a first chamber configured to generate a mist of a dispersion liquid, and including an outlet; a second chamber configured to receive the generated mist from the first chamber and collect particles of the generated mist having a size greater than a predetermined value, and including an inlet provided on a top of the second chamber and connected to the outlet of the first chamber, and an outlet provided on the top of the second chamber and configured to transfer, as homogenized mist, particles of the generated mist having a size less than or equal to the predetermined value due to the effect of gravity on the particles of the mist; and a third chamber configured to receive the homogenized mist from the second chamber, and including an inlet connected to the outlet of the second chamber.

A method and equipment to form a digital print by applying dry colorants on a surface of a panel, bonding a part of the colorants with a binder and removing the non-bonded colorants from the surface. The method of forming a digital print on a surface of a panel includes displacing the panel under a digital drop application head, applying a liquid binder with the digital drop application head on the surface; applying colorants on the liquid binder and the surface; bonding a part of the colorants to the surface with the liquid binder; removing non-bonded colorants from the surface such that a digital print is formed by the bonded colorants; and applying heat and pressure on the panel, the surface and the bonded colorants such that the colorants are permanently bonded to the surface.

A method of forming a digital embossing on a surface by bonding hard press particles to a carrier. A liquid binder pattern is applied on the carrier by a digital drop application head. Hard press particles are applied on the carrier and the binder pattern such that some hard press particles are bonded to the carrier by the liquid pattern and non-bonded press particles are removed. The carrier with the bonded hard press particles is pressed to the surface and an embossing is formed when the carrier with the hard press particles is removed.

Provided is a method for carrying out printing on the inner and outer surfaces of a building. The method includes printing print text on the inner and outer surfaces of the building by using a printing apparatus in which a printing ink to be used for a piezo method or a printing ink made of a UV curable material can be placed in a spray means according to a user's selection, the piezo method or a UV curing method can be selected according to the type of printing ink placed in the spray means, and spraying of the printing ink of the piezo method or the UV curing method, curing and spraying of a coating agent are sequentially carried out during driving since the spray means, a curing means and a coating agent application means are sequentially arranged.

The present disclosure relates to polymer coatings covalently attached to the surface of a substrate and the preparation of the polymer coatings, such as poly(N-(5-azidoacetamidylpentyl)acrylamide-co-acrylamide) (PAZAM), in the formation and manipulation of substrates, such as molecular arrays and flow cells. The present disclosure also relates to methods of preparing a substrate surface by using beads coated with a covalently attached polymer, such as PAZAM, and the method of determining a nucleotide sequence of a polynucleotide attached to a substrate surface described herein.

A method for manufacturing a secondary cell, the secondary cell including a charging layer that captures electrons by forming energy levels in a band gap by causing a photoexcited structural change in an n-type metal oxide semiconductor coated with an insulating material, includes a coating step to coat a coating liquid so as to form a coating film that includes constituents that will form the charging layer; a drying step to dry the coating liquid coated in the coating step; a UV irradiating step to form a UV-irradiated coating film by irradiating the dried coating film obtained through the drying step with ultraviolet light; and a burning step to burn a plurality of the UV-irradiated coating films, after forming the plurality of UV-irradiated coating films by repeating a set plural times, the set including the coating step, the drying step, and the UV irradiating step.

The invention relates to the field of the protection of security documents such as for example banknotes and identity documents against counterfeit and illegal reproduction. In particular, the present invention provides processes for magnetically transferring one or more indicia into a not yet hardened coating layer made of a coating composition comprising platelet-shaped magnetic or magnetizable pigment particles so as to produce optical effect layers (OELs) as anti-counterfeit means on security documents or security articles or for decorative purposes.